Deck 10: Respiratory System

Question 1

List the structures associated with the upper respiratory tract and those associated with the lower respiratory tract.

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract structures include the nasal cavity, pharynx, glottis, and larynx.
Lower respiratory tract structures include the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm.

Question 2

Which part of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?

A) bronchus
B) larynx
C) nasal cavity
D) lungs
E) diaphragm

Answer 2

D.

Question 3

Which respiratory structure is used to produce sound?

A) larynx
B) nose
C) pharynx
D) glottis
E) esophagus

Answer 3

A.

Question 4

Explain the nervous system's control of the respiratory system.

Question 5

If it were not for the nasal cavity,

A) people would not be able to speak.
B) more debris would enter the lungs.
C) oxygen would not be exchanged in the alveoli.
D) food would go down the wrong tube.
E) air would not be conducted to the lungs.

Question 6

Which structure is not part of the inspiration process?

A) lungs
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) bronchioles
E) All of these are part of the inspiration process.

Question 7

The pharynx contains the vocal cords.

Question 8

The role of the respiratory system is to ensure that oxygen leaves the body and carbon dioxide enters the body.

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

A) bronchi
B) nasal cavity
C) epiglottis
D) pharynx
E) glottis

Question 10

What do inspiration and expiration have in common?

A) They both use the same pathways.
B) They both involve air traveling in the same direction.
C) They both end in the lungs.
D) They both conduct air from the outside.
E) They both remove wastes from tissues.

Question 11

The respiratory system is responsible for

A) oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body.
B) carbon dioxide entering the body and oxygen leaving the body.
C) nitrogen leaving the bloodstream.
D) methane formation.
E) the regulation of nutrient absorption.

Question 12

Which part of the respiratory system is composed of skeletal muscle?

A) diaphragm
B) lungs
C) trachea
D) larynx
E) glottis

Question 13

The respiratory system is unlike the digestive system in that air flows into and out of the same opening.

Question 14

Which structure is the initial entryway for air entering the respiratory system?

A) nose
B) trachea
C) lungs
D) pharynx
E) esophagus

Question 15

During respiration, as the thorax moves up, the lungs move down.

Question 16

Which part of the pharynx is not matched to its correct location?

A) nasopharynx: where the nasal cavities open at the top
B) oropharynx: where the sinuses open
C) laryngopharynx: where the pharynx opens into the larynx

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system?

A) trachea
B) pharynx
C) esophagus
D) bronchus
E) nasal cavity

Question 18

Ventilation includes

A) inspiration only.
B) expiration only.
C) both inspiration and expiration.
D) the volume of air that can be exhaled.
E) the transportation of oxygen to cells in the body.

Question 19

Inhalation is another word for inspiration.

Question 20

Which structure connects the larynx to the bronchial tree?

A) trachea
B) glottis
C) lungs
D) alveoli
E) esophagus

Question 21

The epiglottis is the slit between the vocal cords.

Question 22

If you force inspiration, how much more air than the tidal volume can you breathe in?

A) about two times the tidal volume
B) about three times the tidal volume
C) about four times the tidal volume
D) about five times the tidal volume
E) about six times the tidal volume

Question 23

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory tract?

A) bronchi
B) lungs
C) alveoli
D) trachea
E) larynx

Question 24

The pharynx contains the tonsils, which protect against invasion of inhaled foreign particles.

Question 25

Which part of the lower respiratory tract integrates the respiratory system with the cardiovascular system?

A) lungs
B) bronchial tree
C) trachea
D) esophagus
E) sinus cavity

Question 26

When the glottis becomes narrower,

A) the pitch of sound goes up.
B) the pitch of sound goes down.
C) all sound ceases completely.
D) the volume of sound increases.
E) the volume of sound decreases.

Question 27

The total cross-sectional area of the alveoli is about the size of a textbook.

Question 28

The trachea and upper bronchial tree are similar in that both are held open by cartilaginous rings.

Question 29

The amount of air that moves in and out with each breath is called the

A) vital capacity.
B) tidal volume.
C) inspiratory reserve volume.
D) expiratory reserve volume.
E) residual volume.

Question 30

Where in the lower respiratory tract would you find goblet cells?

A) bronchial tree
B) trachea
C) lungs
D) esophagus
E) nasal cavity

Question 31

What separates the lungs from the thoracic cavity?

A) pleurae
B) alveoli
C) cartilaginous rings
D) bone
E) skeletal muscle

Question 32

Which of the following is not a part of inspiration?

A) The pressure in the lungs increases.
B) The rib cage moves up and out.
C) The intercostal muscles pull the ribs outward.
D) The diaphragm contracts and moves down.
E) Air rushes into the lungs.

Question 33

Which of the following can add an additional 2,900 ml of air to the lungs?

A) inspiratory reserve volume
B) expiratory reserve volume
C) residual volume
D) vital capacity
E) tidal volume

Question 34

Sound is produced when air rushes into the lungs.

Question 35

What is missing from the lungs of newborn babies with infant respiratory distress syndrome?

A) bronchioles
B) pleurae
C) one or more lobes
D) alveoli
E) surfactant

Question 36

Muscle contraction is required for expiration.

Question 37

Why is the actual flow of air into the alveoli during inspiration passive?

A) because there is a continuous column of air from the pharynx to the alveoli
B) because the lungs are surrounded by the thoracic wall
C) because the alveoli have a very large surface area
D) because the intercostal muscles are involved
E) because the diaphragm is involved

Question 38

What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood?

A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) water
D) nitrogen
E) methane

Question 39

The right lung is larger than the left lung.

Question 40

Humans inhale by negative pressure.

Question 41

One of the main symptoms of a sinus infection is hoarseness.

Question 42

How does the respiratory center control the diaphragm?

A) via the blood carbon dioxide level
B) via the blood pH
C) via the intercostal nerves
D) via the phrenic nerve
E) via the vagus nerve

Question 43

During respiration, what is the additional amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs during an extra-deep exhalation called? This volume is usually around 1,400 ml.

A) expiratory reserve volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) residual volume
D) vital capacity
E) tidal volume

Question 44

Carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect

A) blood pH.
B) blood oxygen levels.
C) tissue oxygen levels.
D) the stretching of the lungs.
E) the residual volume.

Question 45

Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma as

A) carbonic anhydrase.
B) bicarbonate ions.
C) carbonic acid.
D) a gas, carbon dioxide.
E) reduced hemoglobin.

Question 46

Some inhaled air never reaches the lungs.

Question 47

Where is the respiratory control center located?

A) in the brain
B) in the bronchi
C) in the lungs
D) in the aorta
E) in the diaphragm

Question 48

Which type of infecting organism causes strep throat?

A) bacterium
B) virus
C) fungus
D) parasitic worm
E) protist

Question 49

The vital capacity is equal to the

A) maximum amount of air that can be moved in during a single breath.
B) maximum amount of air that can be moved out during a single breath.
C) maximum amount of air that can be moved in and the maximum amount that can be moved out during a single breath.
D) amount of air left in the lungs after a single breath.
E) amount of air that comes in during a single breath.

Question 50

How does breathing at a very low rate affect the reaction H⁺ + HCO₃^- →H₂CO₃→ H₂O + CO₂?

A) It pushes it to the right.
B) It pushes it to the left.
C) It does not affect it.
D) It increases the rate at which it occurs.
E) It decreases the rate at which it occurs.

Question 51

List the volumes of air associated with each of the following lung capacities: inspiratory reserve volume; expiratory reserve volume; tidal volume; residual volume; vital capacity; and total lung capacity.

Question 52

Which of the following infections does not affect a structure in the respiratory tract?

A) laryngitis
B) strep throat
C) tonsillitis
D) otitis media
E) bronchitis

Question 53

Can you hold your breath until you die?

Question 54

When the pH of the blood becomes more acidic, the respiratory center

A) increases the rate and depth of breathing.
B) increases the rate of breathing but decreases the depth.
C) decreases the rate of breathing but increases the depth.
D) decreases the rate and depth of breathing.
E) stops breathing altogether.

Question 55

Which reaction does carbonic anhydrase catalyze?

A) H⁺ + HCO₃^- → H₂CO₃
B) H₂CO₃ → H₂O + CO₂
C) Hb + O₂ → HbO₂
D) HbO₂ → Hb + O₂
E) none of these

Question 56

You cannot increase the amount of air you exhale.

Question 57

When you breathe into a paper bag after hyperventilating, you are decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood.

Question 58

Carbonic anhydrase and carbaminohemoglobin are similar in that they are both enzymes involved in respiration.

Question 59

Chemoreceptors for blood pH are located in the brain stem and the lungs.

Question 60

How are internal and external respiration alike?

A) Both involve an exchange of gases.
B) Both involve carbon dioxide diffusing into the lungs.
C) Both involve oxygen diffusing into the lungs.
D) Both involve carbon dioxide diffusing into the body's tissues.
E) Both involve oxygen diffusing into the body's tissues.

Question 61

Lung cancer, like breast cancer, is more prevalent in women than in men.

Question 62

Which of these lower respiratory diseases should be treated with antibiotics?

A) pulmonary fibrosis
B) pulmonary tuberculosis
C) emphysema
D) asthma
E) lung cancer

Question 63

Which of the following is not a symptom of emphysema?

A) The elastic recoil of the lungs is reduced.
B) The surface area for gas exchange is reduced.
C) The alveoli are distended and their walls damaged.
D) The airways are inflamed and filled with mucus.
E) The heart works harder to force more blood through the lungs.

Question 64

Which of the following is not a lower respiratory infection?

A) tuberculosis
B) pneumonia
C) bronchitis
D) pulmonary fibrosis
E) pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 65

What is the correct order of the steps in the progression of lung cancer in a smoker? 1. Cilia are lost
2) There is a thickening and callusing of the cells lining the bronchi
3) Metastasis occurs
4) A tumor forms
5) Cells with atypical nuclei appear

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3
C) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4, 3, 5
E) 2, 1, 4, 5, 3

Question 66

An X-ray revealed that Josh's lungs were filled with fluid. What is the proper diagnosis of Josh's illness?

A) bronchitis
B) emphysema
C) asthma
D) pulmonary fibrosis
E) pneumonia

Question 67

The difference between a restrictive pulmonary disorder and an obstructive pulmonary disorder is that in
the restrictive disorder, the lungs lose their elasticity, while in an obstructive disorder, air does not flow freely in the airways.

Question 68

Even if you quit smoking, the damage to your lungs is already done and they will not return to normal.