Deck 15: Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

Question 1

__________ is the most commonly used legal substance during pregnancy that can harm the fetus.

A)Alcohol
B)Antidepressants
C)Marijuana
D)Nicotine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Chiari type 1 malformation involves a brain defect in the:

A)brain stem.
B)cortex.
C)cerebellum.
D)hippocampus

Answer 2

C

Question 3

While not thought to be a major teratogen,______ has been reported to increase the incidence of cleft palates in newborns.

A)lithium
B)valproic acid (Depakote)
C)topiramate (Topomax)
D)lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Answer 3

D

Question 4

SSRI discontinuation syndrome in newborn offspring of mothers who use SSRI-type antidepressants in the third trimester:

A)does not occur.
B)is actually severe colic.
C)is usually fatal.
D)includes hyperactive reflexes and breathing difficulties.

Question 5

Prenatal marijuana exposure has been known to increase risk of:

A)low birth weight.
B)premature birth.
C)jaundice.
D)miscarriage.

Question 6

The estimated prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in the general population is _____ percent.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 7

All of the following are possible variables related to the risk of congenital heart defects and SSRI use while pregnant EXCEPT maternal:

A)genetics.
B)age.
C)obesity.
D)nutrition.

Question 8

The increased use of antipsychotic drugs by pregnant women during the last decade is largely due to the:

A)increased diagnoses of schizophrenia.
B)greater use of more tolerable antipsychotics.
C)decreased stigma of using psychotropic medications.
D)better health care coverage for psychotropic medications.

Question 9

__________ is the most common psychological disorder seen in females of child-bearing years.

A)Schizophrenia
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Depression

Question 10

The mood stabilizer associated with the highest rate of congenital malformations is:

A)lithium.
B)valproic acid (Depakote).
C)topiramate (Topomax).
D)lamotrigine (Lamictal).

Question 11

Prenatal nicotine exposure increases the risk of __________ later in life for the newborn.

A)anxiety
B)schizophrenia
C)depression
D)bipolar disorder

Question 12

Prenatal nicotine exposure has been known to increase the risk of all the following EXCEPT:

A)anxiety
B)schizophrenia
C)sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
D)low birth weight

Question 13

The use of lithium during pregnancy can result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A)low birth weight.
B)premature birth.
C)cardiac malformations.
D)miscarriages.

Question 14

Exposure to the atypical antipsychotic _______ in the third trimester has been reported to result in tremor and irritability in newborns.

A)risperidone (Risperdol)
B)olanzapine (Zyprexa)
C)clozapine (Clozaril)
D)melatonin

Question 15

If a female takes a psychotropic medication while breast-feeding,the risk of __________ increases.

A)teratogenic effects
B)prenatal syndromes
C)neonatal toxicity
D)behavioral abnormalities

Question 16

Evidence suggests that ______ may be the treatment of choice for handling disruptive behaviors in very young children.

A)lithium
B)risperidone
C)topiramate (Topamax)
D)Ritalin

Question 17

The use of antipsychotics during pregnancy can result in:

A)low birth weight.
B)teratogenic defects.
C)respiratory distress.
D)gestational diabetes.

Question 18

Within the context of pregnancy,__________ comprise the structural damage associated with the mother taking psychotropic medication,

A)behavioral abnormalities
B)teratogenic effects
C)neonatal toxicity
D)perinatal syndromes

Question 19

Of the mood stabilizers,_____ is considered to be the most teratogenic medication resulting in the highest rate of major congenital malformations.

A)lamotrigine (Lamictal)
B)carbamazepine (Tegretol)
C)valproic acid (Depakote)
D)lithium

Question 20

__________ is the most commonly used illegal substance during pregnancy.

A)Marijuana
B)Heroin
C)Cocaine
D)Methamphetamines

Question 21

The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)showed that fluoxetine was _____ effective compared to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)when treating adolescent depression.

A)slightly less
B)significantly less
C)slightly more
D)significantly more

Question 22

In general,the addition of ______ to fluoxetine is thought to enhance the safety of pharmacological therapy.

A)light therapy
B)cognitive behavioral therapy
C)MAO
D)St John's wort

Question 23

Brain damage,specifically to the __________,has been shown to be caused by adolescent methamphetamine abuse.

A)gray matter
B)basal ganglia
C)cortex
D)cerebellum

Question 24

__________ is the treatment of choice for depression in adolescents.

A)SSRIs alone
B)SSRIs along with cognitive-behavioral therapy
C)Atypical antipsychotics alone
D)Atypical antipsychotics along with cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 25

In 2009,______ was approved by the FDA for the treatment of depression in adolescents.

A)escitalopram (Lexapro)
B)paroxetine (Paxil)
C)fluoxetine
D)aripiprazole (Abilify)

Question 26

_________ are the mostly preferred drug class for treating childhood and adolescent depression.

A)benzodiazepines
B)SSRIs
C)tricyclic antidepressants
D)psychostimulants

Question 27

Both the TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study)and the TORDIA (Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents)study indicated that _____ comprised the best treatment strategy for adolescent depression.

A)fluoxetine alone
B)CBT alone
C)fluoxetine and CBT
D)the placebo

Question 28

Aggression,irritability,and temper tantrums may be treated with ______ for children on the autism spectrum.

A)benzodiazepines
B)lithium
C)atypical antipsychotics
D)omega-3 fatty acids

Question 29

The primary pharmacological approach for the treatment of aggression in children and adolescents is:

A)psychostimulants.
B)atypical antipsychotics.
C)alpha-2 agonists.
D)mood stabilizers.

Question 30

A(n)__________ is the recommended approach for treating anxiety in very young children.

A)SSRI
B)psychostimulant such as Ritalin
C)psychotherapy
D)mood stabilizer

Question 31

Cannabis use in young males has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT decreased:

A)body size.
B)brain size.
C)lifespan.
D)interpersonal relationships.

Question 32

Evidence supports the use of ______ in preschool children that exhibit disruptive behavior.

A)lithium
B)valproic acid (Depakote)
C)risperidone (Risperdol)
D)olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Question 33

The best pharmacological treatment is a(n)__________ for childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia.

A)atypical antipsychotic
B)SSRI
C)antimanic anticonvulsant
D)sedative-barbiturate

Question 34

The drug-class of __________ is most often chosen for treating aggressive disorders in children and adolescents.

A)sedatives
B)stimulants
C)atypical antipsychotics
D)antidepressants

Question 35

The risk of __________ increases in adolescents who use cannabis.

A)depression
B)anxiety disorders
C)schizophrenia
D)bipolar disorder

Question 36

__________ and __________ are the two drugs well documented and approved by the FDA for the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents.

A)A benzodiazepine anxiolytic; Paxil
B)Prozac; Effexor
C)A benzodiazepine anxiolytic; Prozac.
D)Prozac; Lexapro

Question 37

_______ is first treatment of choice when dealing with depression in very young children.

A)SSRIs
B)Tricyclic antidepressants
C)Atypical antipsychotics
D)Psychotherapy

Question 38

The use of venlafaxine (Effexor)for treating depression in children and adolescents was reported to be:

A)much more effective than SSRIs.
B)somewhat more effective than SSRIs.
C)no different than SSRIs.
D)markedly less effective than SSRIs.

Question 39

A longitudinal study showed that teenage drinking can cause brain damage to the:

A)gray matter.
B)parietal lobes.
C)temporal lobes.
D)cerebellum.

Question 40

Researchers have found that symptoms of depression,drinking alcohol,and using marijuana among children were linked to an increased risk of:

A)anxiety disorders.
B)synthetic cannabinoid use.
C)heart failure.
D)social isolation.

Question 41

Adderal,a drug used to treat ADHD,is a form of:

A)are well-adjusted and do well in school.
B)have some difficulty with symptoms but improve with cognitive behavioral therapy.
C)experience significant symptom severity impairment despite treatment with medication.
D)show gradual improvement with medication.

Question 42

______ is the first selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)antidepressant approved for treatment of ADHD.

A)Adderall
B)Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
C)Modafinil (Provigil)
D)Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Question 43

The drug class that comprises __________ is the most preferred drug class for treating ADHD.

A)sedatives
B)psychostimulants
C)SSRIs
D)anticonvulsants

Question 44

Historically,anxiety disorders in children are:

A)undiagnosed and untreated.
B)underdiagnosed and undertreated.
C)overdiagnosed but untreated.
D)overdiagnosed and overtreated.

Question 45

A daily dose of Concerta is equivalent to _____ daily doses of methylphenidate.

A)two
B)three
C)five
D)10

Question 46

__________ accounts for 90 percent of the prescriptions for ADHD.

A)Cocaine
B)Dextroamphetamine
C)Methamphetamine
D)Methylphenidate

Question 47

The drug or drug class of choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents is:

A)tricyclic antidepressants.
B)SSRIs.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)lithium.

Question 48

__________ comprise the class of drugs most efficacious for treating autism.

A)Opiate antagonists.
B)Psychostimulants.
C)SSRIs.
D)Atypical antipsychotics.

Question 49

Historically,__________ comprise the primary class of drugs used for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders.

A)neuroleptics
B)atypical antipsychotics
C)antidepressants
D)psychostimulants

Question 50

The treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)in adolescents typically involves multimodal therapy with the use of ______ as part of the treatment plan.

A)SSRIs
B)SNRIs
C)tricyclic antidepressants
D)lithium

Question 51

All of the following are recommended for the treatment of adolescent bipolar disorder EXCEPT:

A)quetiapine (Seroquel).
B)aripiprazole (Abilify).
C)risperidone (Risperdal).
D)SSRIs.

Question 52

Should pharmacological treatment of anxiety be necessary for preschool children,_______ is the preferred drug of choice.

A)lithium
B)an SSRI
C)a benodiazepine
D)fluoxetine

Question 53

Health professionals typically choose __________ for treating depression in very young children.

A)psychotherapy
B)omega-3 fatty acids
C)SSRIs
D)lithium

Question 54

In terms of pharmacokinetics,methylphenidate has a _____ onset and _____ duration.

A)slow; long
B)slow; short
C)fast; long
D)fast; short

Question 55

In the 1930s,doctors typically prescribed _______ to treat ADHD.

A)the compound that became the drug Ritalin
B)amphetamines
C)an early form of the drug Adderall
D)cocaine derivatives

Question 56

There is strong evidence to support ______ as the recommended treatment for PTSD in very young children.

A)lithium.
B)atypical antipsychotics
C)mood stabilizers
D)psychotherapy

Question 57

Treatment of children with anti-ADHD medications leads to __________ when they reach adulthood.

A)a twofold increase in the likelihood of drug abuse
B)a tenfold increase in the likelihood of drug abuse
C)no increased risk of drug abuse
D)a tenfold decrease in the likelihood of drug abuse

Question 58

__________ are the mainstay of treatment of adolescent and childhood bipolar disorder.

A)Classical antipsychotics
B)SSRIs
C)Atypical antipsychotics
D)Sedative-barbiturates

Question 59

Approximately 90 percent of the medications that treat ADHD use __________ in their formulation.

A)amphetamine
B)Adderall
C)methylphenidate
D)methamphetamine