Deck 12: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Question 1

How do most antipsychotic drugs seem to work?

A)reduce the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
B)cause more excitatory neurons to fire
C)prevent serotonin and norepinephrine from being broken down
D)block the activity of dopamine

Answer 1

block the activity of dopamine

Question 2

Antipsychotic drugs are also known as

A)tricyclics.
B)monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
C)neuroleptics.
D)serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Answer 2

neuroleptics.

Question 3

In a study mentioned in your text regarding people with aggressive outbursts,the group that received ___________ improved the most.

A)Risperdal
B)a placebo
C)Haldol
D)MAOIs

Answer 3

a placebo

Question 4

Which of the following people would likely benefit most from taking antipsychotic drugs?

A)Zara,who is near death from starving herself
B)Jonathan,who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide
C)Josué,who has hallucinations and delusions
D)Barbara,who has excessive worry and anxiety

Question 5

Antipsychotics have been shown to be ineffective for the treatment of:

A)hallucinations.
B)agitation.
C)aggressive outbursts.
D)delusions.

Question 6

If Fergus takes _______________,it reduces his agitation and delusions,and shortens his schizophrenic episodes.

A)one of the MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors),such as Nardil
B)one of the neuroleptics,such as Zyprexa
C)one of the SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors),such as Prozac
D)one of the tranquilizers,such as Valium

Question 7

In his freshman year of college,Ronald began to behave irrationally and hear voices that were not really there.A psychiatrist diagnosed him as schizophrenic and prescribed a drug to reduce the psychosis Ronald was experiencing.The intended effect of the drug is likely to

A)elevate the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain.
B)block or reduce the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.
C)increase dopamine activity in the brain.
D)block the reuptake of norepinephrine by neurons.

Question 8

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia would not be relieved by antipsychotic drugs?

A)emotional flatness
B)agitation
C)delusions
D)the duration of schizophrenic episodes

Question 9

Who would likely benefit most from taking antidepressant drugs?

A)Zara,who is near death from starving herself
B)Jonathon,who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide
C)Josué,who has hallucinations and delusions
D)Barbara,who experiences deep emotional despair

Question 10

An antidepressant drug would most likely be prescribed for

A)anxiety.
B)schizophrenia.
C)psychotic disorders.
D)bipolar disorder.

Question 11

Thorazine,Haldol,Clozaril,and Zyprexia are all drugs used to treat

A)delusions of schizophrenia.
B)generalized anxiety.
C)the manic phase of bipolar disorder.
D)the symptoms of hypochondriasis.

Question 12

_______________ are nonaddictive,but they can produce some unpleasant physical reactions,including dry mouth,headaches,constipation,nausea,gastrointestinal problems,weight gain,decreased sexual desire,and delayed orgasm.

A)Antipsychotic drugs
B)Tranquilizers
C)Lithium carbonates
D)Antidepressants

Question 13

Antipsychotic drugs offer little relief from which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)jumbled thoughts
B)agitation
C)delusions
D)hallucinations

Question 14

Which of the following best characterizes psychotherapy?

A)a treatment approach that includes use of drugs
B)a treatment approach that includes invasive brain interventions and family therapy
C)a treatment approach that includes psychodynamic,cognitive and behavioral,and family therapies
D)a treatment approach that includes an array of psychological and biological treatments

Question 15

Which of the following would be useful in reducing a patient's agitation and delusions?

A)an antipsychotic drug
B)a tranquilizer
C)lithium carbonate
D)an antidepressant

Question 16

Which treatment is MOST likely to be used today?

A)drug therapy
B)prefrontal lobotomy
C)ECT
D)in vitro therapy

Question 17

A drug that elevates the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain by blocking an enzyme that deactivates these neurotransmitters would most likely be used to treat

A)psychosis.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)depression.

Question 18

An antidepressant would NOT be prescribed for

A)anxiety.
B)phobias.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)bipolar disorder.

Question 19

An immediate side effect of some antipsychotic drugs is

A)dementia.
B)ADHD.
C)extreme weight gain.
D)aggressiveness.

Question 20

At this time,_________________ explanations and treatments for mental disorders are dominant.

A)humanist
B)biological
C)behavioral
D)psychodynamic

Question 21

This class of drugs is primarily used to manage heart irregularities and hypertension and is sometimes prescribed to relieve acute anxiety.

A)carbonates
B)beta blockers
C)MAOIs
D)neuroleptics

Question 22

In PET-scan studies,discussed in your textbook,of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder,among those who were taking the SSRI Prozac,the metabolism of glucose in a critical part of the brain decreased,suggesting that the drug was having a beneficial effect by calming that area.What can be concluded from this result?

A)Only biological treatments can successfully treat OCD.
B)SSRIs are not an effective treatment for OCD.
C)The placebo effect must account for most of SSRIs' success.
D)SSRIs might be an effective treatment for OCD,but this does not mean that nonbiological treatments cannot have a similar effect on brain function.

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding medical and nonmedical treatments emotional and behavioral problems?

A)Nonmedical treatments may often work just as well or better than drugs and other medical treatments.
B)Medical treatments are almost always more effective than nonmedical.
C)Nonmedical treatments are almost always better than drugs and other medical treatments.
D)Insurance companies prefer to pay for nonmedical treatments,even though medical treatments may be equally effective.

Question 24

When Kyle's psychiatrist prescribes him a drug for his severe stage fright,he tells Kyle,"This drug is used primarily for heart and circulatory irregularities,and is not technically approved for treating anxiety,but I think it will help you." The drug prescribed for Kyle is likely a

A)beta blocker.
B)MAOI.
C)neuroleptic.
D)SSRI.

Question 25

A new drug that increases the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)is likely to

A)be calming and reduce anxiety.
B)reduce psychotic episodes.
C)reduce feelings of sadness and improve mood
D)reduce manic behaviors

Question 26

In an analysis of patients mentioned in your textbook,investigators found that the placebo effect accounted for more than ________ percent of the alleviation of symptoms of depression.

A)20
B)40
C)80
D)100

Question 27

Ever since she was mugged a month ago,Mona experiences acute anxiety when she leaves her apartment.Her doctor prescribes ______________ to temporarily reduce her anxiety,but he tells Mona that she may need to see a therapist because taking this type of drug over a long period is not the treatment of choice.

A)an antipsychotic
B)lithium carbonate
C)a tranquilizer
D)an antidepressant

Question 28

A person may have short-term success with antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs,but at least half of patients stop taking them,largely because of the ________ of the medication.

A)foul taste
B)unpleasant side effects
C)unproven effectiveness
D)societal stigma

Question 29

Who would benefit most from taking lithium carbonate?

A)Zara,who is near death from starving herself
B)Jonathan,who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide
C)Josué,who has hallucinations and delusions
D)Barbara,who experiences excessive worry and anxiety

Question 30

Electroconvulsive therapy is used to alleviate

A)anxiety.
B)schizophrenia.
C)somatoform disorders.
D)severe depression.

Question 31

People suffering from bipolar disorder often are helped by taking _______________,which may produce its effects by protecting brain cells from being overstimulated by another neurotransmitter,glutamate.

A)an antipsychotic drug
B)a tranquilizer
C)lithium carbonate
D)an antidepressant

Question 32

Because it may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts in adolescents,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration has cautioned against prescribing ___________ to anyone under the age of 18.

A)antipsychotics
B)Ritalin
C)lithium carbonate
D)SSRIs

Question 33

_______________,such as Valium and Xanax,increase the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

A)Antipsychotic drugs
B)Tranquilizers
C)Lithium carbonate
D)Antidepressants

Question 34

_______________ must be given in exactly the right dose because too little will not help people who suffer from bipolar disorder and too much is toxic.

A)Antipsychotic drugs
B)Tranquilizers
C)Lithium carbonate
D)Antidepressants

Question 35

After a long period of controlled trials,the FDA approves a drug for the treatment of school-age boys with ADHD.Once it is approved,doctors are permitted to prescribe it

A)only for school aged boys with a diagnosis of ADHD.
B)for anyone diagnosed with ADHD.
C)for other conditions,but only to school-aged boys.
D)for other conditions and to populations other than school-aged boys.

Question 36

Cecile fluctuates between deep depression,during which she will withdraw from family and friends,not eat,and feel hopeless,followed by mania,during which she shops continuously and engages in risky sexual behavior.Which of the following drugs would be most beneficial to Cecile?

A)an antipsychotic
B)a tranquilizer
C)lithium carbonate
D)an antidepressant

Question 37

Many people respond positively to a new drug just because of the enthusiasm surrounding it and their own expectations that the drug will make them feel better.This phenomenon is called the

A)placebo effect.
B)novelty bias.
C)therapeutic window.
D)publication bias.

Question 38

Which of the following has been fairly effective in treating bipolar disorders?

A)cingulotomy
B)valium
C)lithium
D)ECT

Question 39

The tendency for journals to publish studies that have positive findings rather than negative or ambiguous results is called

A)confirmation bias.
B)overreaching bias.
C)publication bias.
D)enterprise bias.

Question 40

Sally is excited because she finds a study that found that a drug used to treat infections also reduces the symptoms of a disease that her mother suffers from.Why might Sally want to remain at least somewhat skeptical of the study?

A)Studies on the off-label use of drugs are not reliable.
B)The majority of researchers who are studying the effectiveness of medication have financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry.
C)The effectiveness of almost all drugs is due to the placebo effect.
D)The results of most drug studies are intentionally falsified.

Question 41

When a patient comes in complaining of a headache,the therapist views the headache as the tip of a mental iceberg,with the real problem hidden in the deep unconscious.Which type of therapy would this represent?

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)existential

Question 42

Researchers are now looking for new ways to stimulate the brains of severely depressed individuals.One method,called __________,involves the use of a pulsing coil held to a person's skull at the left prefrontal cortex.

A)psychosurgery
B)neuroleptic shock treatment
C)electroconvulsive therapy
D)transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 43

The originator of the famous "talking cure" in psychology was

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Carl Rogers.
C)John Watson.
D)Albert Ellis.

Question 44

The focus of traditional psychoanalysis is on

A)freeing patients from self-imposed limits.
B)reducing unhealthy behaviors.
C)exploring unconscious processes.
D)coping with the inescapable realities of life.

Question 45

Which treatment is LEAST likely to be used today?

A)drug therapy
B)prefrontal lobotomy
C)ECT
D)behavior therapy

Question 46

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him.After a few months she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also.According to Freud,this is an example of

A)latency.
B)interpretation.
C)transference.
D)sublimation.

Question 47

What is the process by which a patient projects feelings about other individuals onto the psychoanalyst?

A)resistance
B)reactance
C)countertransference
D)transference

Question 48

The proponents of _______________ therapies also refer to their methods as "depth" therapies.

A)humanist
B)psychodynamic
C)behavior
D)cognitive

Question 49

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat _______________ that has not responded to other treatments,but the effects are short lived.

A)bipolar disorder
B)severe depression
C)schizophrenia
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 50

Murray is a bright student but he procrastinates.He puts off writing term papers and gets incompletes which eventually become Fs.After exploring his early childhood memories for almost a year,Murray comes to the insight that he procrastinates as a way of expressing unconscious anger toward his parents.The treatment method used to help Murray deal with his problem is

A)psychodynamic therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)cognitive therapy.
D)humanist therapy.

Question 51

A therapist's goal is to delve into the unconscious processes of his patients.He is most likely to consider himself a practitioner of

A)client-centered therapy.
B)rational emotive therapy.
C)depth therapy.
D)existential therapy.

Question 52

In the 1950s,Terence had a procedure done to him where the doctor used an instrument to cut the nerve fibers connecting his prefrontal cortex to the rest of the brain.This procedure,called _____________,left him withdrawn and unable to care for himself.

A)ECT
B)deep brain surgery
C)a lobotomy
D)transcranial stimulation

Question 53

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by

A)Fritz Perls.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Alfred Adler.

Question 54

A major element of all psychodynamic therapies,from Freudian to present forms,is

A)flooding.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)skills training.
D)transference.

Question 55

This procedure requires surgery to implant electrodes into the brain and an embedded box under the collarbone.

A)deep brain stimulation
B)electroconvulsive therapy
C)prefrontal lobotomy
D)transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 56

Balthazar's depression is being treated through a procedure in which electrodes are placed on both sides of his head and a brief current is turned on.The current triggers a seizure that lasts about a minute,causing his body to convulse.His treatment is known as

A)SSRI.
B)MAO.
C)ECT.
D)PET.

Question 57

Sigmund Freud would agree that _______________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

A)systematic desensitization
B)dream analysis
C)flooding
D)exposure treatment

Question 58

A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate stories about her childhood.This therapist is most likely to be a

A)client-centered therapist.
B)psychodynamic therapist.
C)cognitive therapist.
D)behavior therapist.

Question 59

Dr.Littleman is a therapist who calls her method "depth therapy" because her goal is to delve into the deep unconscious processes of her patients.Which type of therapist would she represent?

A)psychodynamic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)existential

Question 60

_______________ occurs when a client responds to her therapist with unconscious emotions or reactions,such as conflicts about her parents.

A)Flooding
B)Exposure treatment
C)Transference
D)Free association

Question 61

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object (either actual or imagined)?

A)extinction
B)systematic desensitization
C)punishment
D)token economy

Question 62

Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus on

A)uncovering the client's unconscious anxieties.
B)understanding the client's relationships with his or her parents.
C)the client's methods of coping with inescapable realities of life.
D)changing the client's self-defeating or problematic behaviors.

Question 63

Cherise finds out that she is being transferred to an office located on the tenth floor of a building.The problem is that she fears heights so much that she never goes above the third floor in any building.Her therapist teaches her how to relax deeply while imagining herself looking out over a balcony.As her therapy progresses,Cherise imagines herself on higher and higher floors.This technique is called

A)systematic desensitization.
B)rational emotive behavioral therapy.
C)flooding.
D)transference.

Question 64

Thanks to new computer technology,virtual reality devices permit behavior therapists to conduct _______________ in their offices.

A)rational emotive behavior therapy
B)transference
C)systematic desensitization
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 65

Systematic desensitization would be considered a __________ therapy.

A)behavior
B)cognitive
C)family
D)humanist

Question 66

Bill has always had a terrible fear of dogs that causes problems in his life.He tells you that his therapist is having him look at pictures of dogs while trying to remain relaxed.His next step will be to begin interacting with actual dogs and learning to remain relaxed.You might want to reassure him that __________ is often quite successful.

A)skills training
B)flooding therapy
C)cognitive therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 67

Making someone who is afraid of snakes handle dozens of snakes in an effort to get him to overcome his fear is called

A)systematic desensitization.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)flooding.
D)paradoxical intent.

Question 68

What is the goal of the technique known as graduated exposure?

A)to uncover unconscious conflicts pertaining to a feared object
B)to understand the family dynamic that contributed to the development of a fear
C)to reverse the tendency to avoid fearful situations,objects,or upsetting memories
D)to identify irrational ways of thinking that contribute to perpetuating the fear

Question 69

In behavior therapy,a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder,such as a phobia or panic disorder,is gradually taken into the feared situation until the anxiety subsides is called

A)transference.
B)fear-reduction therapy.
C)graduated exposure.
D)cognitive therapy.

Question 70

Which method of treating a client with a phobia of spiders would be the most intense,if not terrifying,for the client?

A)flooding
B)graduated exposure
C)systematic desensitization
D)counterconditioning

Question 71

A technique that assumes it is impossible to be relaxed and anxious at the same time is

A)systematic desensitization.
B)overgeneralization.
C)conditioning.
D)free association.

Question 72

Laura has had many different jobs,but she always does something to get herself fired.After about fifteen therapy sessions,during which she explores her earliest memories,she has an insight.She comes to believe sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father,who had always put his job before his family.What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in?

A)psychodynamic therapy
B)behavior therapy
C)cognitive therapy
D)humanist therapy

Question 73

Rhona's therapist is attempting to treat her agoraphobia by riding the subway with her.The therapist is most likely doing this as part of a treatment known as

A)skill training.
B)rational emotive behavioral therapy.
C)flooding.
D)transference.

Question 74

Systematic desensitization is based on

A)counterconditioning.
B)operant conditioning.
C)stimulus generalization.
D)spontaneous recovery.

Question 75

Lucinda frequently finds herself frequently getting upset and yelling at her husband,coworkers,and friends.What therapeutic technique would start with having Lucinda keep a record of when,where,and with whom she loses her temper?

A)behavioral self-monitoring
B)counterconditioning
C)skills training
D)flooding

Question 76

Arranging anxiety-provoking situations in a hierarchy would be characteristic of

A)behavioral contracting.
B)operant conditioning.
C)aversive conditioning.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 77

One type of exposure treatment is called

A)successive approximations.
B)behavioral self-monitoring.
C)aversive conditioning.
D)flooding.

Question 78

Don's therapist has directed him to document on a daily basis the times,places,and conditions under which he goes to smoke a cigarette.Don discovers that he often ends up smoking outside his office building with his boss and enjoys the chance to chat with her.The therapist explains to Don that these conversations are considered to be

A)a kind of counterconditioning.
B)therapeutic.
C)unhealthy.
D)reinforcers.

Question 79

Which of the behavioral therapy techniques requires clients to keep careful data on the frequency and the consequences of the behavior to be changed?

A)behavioral self-monitoring
B)counter conditioning
C)skills training
D)graduated exposure

Question 80

A form of therapy that applies principles of classical conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors is called __________ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanist
C)existential
D)behavior