Deck 3: The Evolution of Atomic Theory

Question 1

Identify X in the expression X.

A) selenium
B) copper
C) cobalt
D) cesium
E) manganese

Answer 1

copper

Question 2

A 3.45 gram sample of hematite (Fe₂O₃) that contains 2.41 grams of Fe has what percentage Fe by mass?

A) 41.0%
B) 31.1%
C) 69.9%
D) 59.9%

Answer 2

69.9%

Question 3

Identify X in the expression X.

A) silver
B) gold
C) bohrium
D) cobalt
E) neodymium

Answer 3

silver

Question 4

An atomic mass unit, also known as amu, is equal to ________ the mass of a ¹²C atom.

A) 1/2
B) 1/12
C) 1/6
D) 1/1840

Question 5

How is the term "mass number" defined for a given atom or isotope?

A) as the mass of one mole of that element or isotope
B) as the sum of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons
C) as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
D) as the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 6

What is the relative charge on a neutron, proton, and electron?

A) 0, -1, +1
B) 0, 0, -1
C) 0, +1, -1
D) -1, +1, -1

Question 7

A neutral atom's atomic number is equal to ________.

A) the number of nucleons
B) the sum of the number of protons and neutrons
C) the number of electrons
D) the number of neutrons

Question 8

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is 34.5% Ca by mass. In a 418 g sample of CaCO₃, how many grams of calcium are present?

A) 144 g
B) 40.08 g
C) 235.1 g
D) 83.6 g

Question 9

Identify X in the expression X.

A) zinc
B) iron
C) iridium
D) cesium
E) manganese

Question 10

The breakthrough Dmitri Mendeleev had when constructing the periodic table occurred ________.

A) when J. J. Thomson discovered the electron
B) when Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron
C) when Thomson and E. Goldstein discovered the proton
D) when Mendeleev placed the elements in a sequence of increasing atomic mass

Question 11

What is the mass of the single product that is formed from the complete reaction of 2.5 g hydrogen with 7.5 g oxygen?

A) 5.0 g
B) 7.5 g
C) 9.5 g
D) 10.0 g

Question 12

How is the term "atomic number" defined for a given atom?

A) as the mass of one mole of that element or isotope
B) as the sum of the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons
C) as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
D) as the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 13

How many protons does the nucleus of the sulfur-35 isotope have?

A) 16
B) 19
C) 32
D) 35

Question 14

A compound is produced when 6.08 g of nitrogen combine with 13.92 g oxygen. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

A) NO
B) NO₂
C) N₂O₃
D) N₂O₅

Question 15

24.3 g of magnesium yield 40.3 g MgO upon combustion with oxygen. How much magnesium needs to be burned to yield 12.1 g MgO?

A) 4.30 g
B) 6.10 g
C) 7.30 g
D) 8.40 g

Question 16

How many neutrons does the nucleus of the phosphorus-32 isotope have?

A) 15
B) 16
C) 17
D) 32

Question 17

What is the atomic number of uranium-235?

A) 235
B) 238
C) 92
D) 143

Question 18

According to the experiments of Ernest Rutherford, where can a majority of a given atom's mass be found?

A) scattered randomly throughout an approximately cube-shaped atom
B) at the center of an approximately spherical atom
C) in concentric layers of spherical shape
D) as small pieces orbiting a common center in circular paths

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct symbolic representation of the lead-209 isotope?

A) Li
B) Pb
C) Pb
D) Pb

Question 20

The structure of individual atoms can roughly be described as ________.

A) positively charged center and mostly empty space
B) an even mixture of mass and charge scattered throughout a spherical shape
C) positively charged, low-mass pieces in orbit around a massive, negatively charged center
D) positively charged pieces in orbit around a low-mass, negatively charged center

Question 21

Which of the following elements is a halogen?

A) He
B) B
C) F
D) Kr

Question 22

Which is expected to be the most chemically similar element to phosphorus?

A) S
B) As
C) Se
D) O

Question 23

Which of the following is not a main group element?

A) S
B) As
C) Cu
D) Xe

Question 24

Which of the following elements can have an anion with 18 electrons?

A) Cl
B) Ar
C) Sc
D) Fe

Question 25

Which of the following is a transition metal in the fourth period of the periodic table?

A) Ga
B) Ca
C) Fe
D) Ag

Question 26

How many electrons are found in a Fe₃+ ion?

A) 23
B) 26
C) 29
D) 56

Question 27

Which of the following is a transition element?

A) Co
B) Eu
C) Es
D) He

Question 28

Which of the following terms applies to the horizontal rows found on a periodic table?

A) arrangement
B) group
C) period
D) isotope

Question 29

What name is commonly given to the elements of Group IIA of the periodic table?

A) alkaline earth metals
B) transition metals
C) platinum metals
D) alkali metals

Question 30

Which ion contains 18 electrons?

A) Ca+
B) CL^₂-
C) Ar-
D) P^3-

Question 31

Which of the following is not a metal?

A) Ca
B) Pt
C) Kr
D) Mg

Question 32

Which of the following is a metal?

A) Xe
B) C
C) As
D) W

Question 33

Which of the following terms applies to the vertical columns found on a periodic table?

A) arrangement
B) group
C) period
D) isotope

Question 34

Which representative element is found in the fourth group and fifth period?

A) Br
B) Te
C) Sn
D) Ge

Question 35

What name is commonly given to the elements of Group IA of the periodic table?

A) alkaline earth metals
B) transition metals
C) platinum metals
D) alkali metals

Question 36

Which of the following elements is a chalcogen?

A) H
B) N
C) O
D) F

Question 37

Which of the following elements is an actinide?

A) Np
B) Pr
C) W
D) Fr

Question 38

Which of the following is a metalloid in the third period of the periodic table?

A) Al
B) Si
C) P
D) S

Question 39

Which element would have a similar chemical reactivity in water as K?

A) Ca
B) Ar
C) Rb
D) H

Question 40

Which of the following elements may have a cation that has 16 electrons?

A) Si
B) P
C) S
D) Cl

Question 41

Which of the following pairs are isotopes?

A) "Ca^₂+ and Mg²⁺"
B) "¹⁹⁹Hg and ²⁰⁰Hg"
C) "¹⁸O and ¹⁹F"
D) "²³⁸U and ²³⁸Np"

Question 42

The law of constant composition states that atoms must combine in a one to one ratio.

Question 43

Which has more electrons?

A) Br-
B) Sr ²⁺
C) Rb
D) As ³⁺

Question 44

Which of the following has the highest ionization energy?

A) O
B) Sn
C) As
D) C

Question 45

Which element, isotope, or ion listed below contains 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 18 electrons?

A) "³³Ar^2-"
B) "³³S^2-"
C) "³³Cl"
D) "³⁴S^2-"

Question 46

Which cation has the atomic number of 20 and a charge of +2?

A) C^₂+
B) Mg²⁺
C) Ca^₂+
D) S²⁺

Question 47

Which of the following has more electrons than neutrons?

A) 24Mg²⁺
B) 27Al
C) 75As^3-
D) 32S^2-

Question 48

In Dalton's atomic theory, all matter is made up of atoms.

Question 49

An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.

Question 50

How many protons are found in a N₃- ion?

A) 7
B) 10
C) 14
D) 15

Question 51

The atomic weight for an atom is the weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes.

Question 52

Ionization energy ________ from top to bottom in a group and ________ from left to right in a period.

A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases

Question 53

Which element, isotope, or ion listed below contains 35 protons, 46 neutrons, and 36 electrons?

A) "⁸¹Kr+"
B) "⁸¹Br"
C) "⁸¹Kr"
D) "⁸¹Br -"

Question 54

The conservation of mass law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

Question 55

Fr+ is called ________.

A) a cation
B) an anion
C) an isotope
D) a non-metal

Question 56

Which species has 16 protons, 18 neutrons and 18 electrons?

A) "³⁴S²⁺"
B) "³⁴S^2-"
C) "³⁶Ar²⁺"
D) "³⁶Se^2-"

Question 57

Atoms combine to form molecules (compounds) in simple, whole number ratios.

Question 58

Ions are ________.

A) atoms that have gained electrons
B) atoms or groups of atoms with a net electrical charge that is not equal to zero
C) atoms that have lost electrons
D) all of the above

Question 59

Which of the following has more protons than electrons?

A) Mg²⁺
B) Al
C) P^3-
D) O^₂-

Question 60

Which of the following has the lowest ionization energy?

A) F
B) P
C) Ca
D) Cs

Question 61

Platinum is used in the catalytic converters of the cars.

Question 62

Krypton is a noble gas.

Question 63

Iodine is the only non-metal that is a solid at room temperature.

Question 64

The periodic table contains more elements that are classified as non-metals than elements of any other type.

Question 65

Each element is defined by its atomic number.

Question 66

Group VIIIA of the periodic table contains elements that are gaseous non-metals.

Question 67

A neutral atom of the isotope phosphorus-32 contains 15 protons, 17 neutrons, and 15 electrons.

Question 68

Sulfur belongs to the chalcogen family.

Question 69

The oxygen-17 isotope has more protons than neutrons in its nucleus.

Question 70

Two isotopes of the same element differ only in the number of neutrons found in the nucleus.

Question 71

Magnesium is the element that appears in the second group of the second period.

Question 72

Lanthanides are rare earth elements.

Question 73

Earth's gravitational force is incapable of keeping the atmospheric helium from escaping into space.

Question 74

Radium is the only noble gas that is radioactive.

Question 75

Barium is an alkali earth metal.

Question 76

Tritium is an isotope of carbon.

Question 77

Noble gases occupy Group VII in the periodic table.

Question 78

The oxygen-17 (-2) isotopic anion contains more electrons than either protons or neutrons.

Question 79

Group IIA of the periodic table contains elements that are gaseous non-metals.

Question 80

Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.