Deck 22: Gas Exchange

Question 1

The function of passageways for gas exchange in birds is to

A)permit one- way ventilation of the lungs.
B)adjust the temperature of air.
C)store air for times of physical exertion.
D)lighten the bird.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The body structure where gas exchange occurs is called the

A)integumentary surface.
B)exchange network.
C)capillary network.
D)respiratory surface.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following organisms has a respiratory system that does not require assistance from a circulatory system for gas exchange?

A)grasshopper
B)carp
C)crayfish
D)mouse

Answer 3

A

Question 4

One advantage of gas exchange in water is that

A)ventilating gills in water requires very little energy.
B)carbon dioxide is easier to eliminate in water than in air.
C)it is easy to keep the exchange surface wet.
D)water can contain more oxygen than air.

Question 5

The maximum amount of air that a human can inhale and exhale is called the

A)inhalation capacity.
B)vital capacity.
C)physiological volume.
D)tidal volume.

Question 6

Why do cigarette smokers cough more than nonsmokers?

A)Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the muscles in the lungs,resulting in an increased residual volume,and coughing exchanges this "dead air."
B)Cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs,and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs.
C)The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick together,and coughing separates them.
D)By raising the pressure in the lungs,coughing forces more oxygen into the blood.

Question 7

A waste product of respiration is

A)electrons.
B)glucose.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)hydrogen peroxide.

Question 8

Most CO2 is transported to the lungs in which of the following ways?

A)as carboxyl
B)attached to hemoglobin or as bicarbonate ions
C)dissolved in the plasma
D)as carbonic anhydrase

Question 9

Air leaving human lungs during exhalation contains

A)no oxygen.
B)mostly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
C)no carbon dioxide.
D)carbon dioxide and unused oxygen.

Question 10

Cigarette smoke can affect the white blood cells that reside in our lungs,whose purpose is to

A)prevent emphysema.
B)enhance oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
C)maintain appropriate pH and moisture levels within the lungs.
D)engulf foreign particles.

Question 11

During gas exchange,body cells

A)take up CO2 from red blood cells.
B)release O2 to red blood cells.
C)release CO2 and take up O2.
D)increase in size to accommodate the reuptake of O2.

Question 12

The oxygen- carrying component in red blood cells is

A)hemoglobin.
B)the cell membrane.
C)bicarbonate ions.
D)iron.

Question 13

Within the lungs,gas exchange occurs across

A)bronchi.
B)alveoli.
C)bronchioles.
D)diaphragms.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavities in humans?

A)warming inhaled air
B)determining O2 content in inhaled air
C)secreting excess carbon dioxide into exhaled air
D)secreting enzymes for digestion

Question 15

What name is given to the sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of the lungs?

A)bronchus
B)trachea
C)alveolus
D)diaphragm

Question 16

At which point(s)in the figure is blood oxygen- rich?

A)points A and B
B)points A and D
C)point C only
D)points D and E

Question 17

Compared to the vital capacity,how much air can lungs actually hold?

A)sometimes less
B)always more
C)sometimes more
D)always less

Question 18

Cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke cause cancer due to the

A)toxins in the smoke.
B)immunosuppressive effects they display.
C)resistance they have for products of our immune system.
D)effects they have on our breathing mechanisms.

Question 19

When you exhale,you

A)take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide to the blood.
B)take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
C)exchange CO2 for O2.
D)remove CO2 from the body.

Question 20

In the countercurrent exchange system of fish gills,

A)blood flow in the gills reverses direction with every heartbeat.
B)blood and water are separated by a thick polysaccharide barrier.
C)blood and water flow in the same direction.
D)blood and water flow in opposite directions.

Question 21

Which of the following animals requires the largest and most complex lungs proportional to its overall body size?

A)newt
B)bear
C)frog
D)turtle

Question 22

Inhalation in humans is achieved by

A)relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles.
B)contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles.
C)contraction of the diaphragm.
D)contraction of muscles in the lungs.

Question 23

The organization of blood and water flow in a fish's gills increases the fish's ability to

A)detect toxic materials in the water.
B)transport blood throughout the fish's body.
C)extract oxygen from the water.
D)extract carbon dioxide from the water.

Question 24

Which of the following is likely to have the lowest concentration of O2?

A)warm salt water
B)air
C)cool fresh water
D)cool salt water

Question 25

The tracheal system of an insect is most like which of the following?

A)the air duct system in a building
B)leaves on a tree
C)the exhaust system of an automobile
D)the electrical wiring in a home

Question 26

Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because

A)it descends down an osmotic gradient,following the movement of water.
B)it diffuses from a higher to a lower pH.
C)it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure.
D)it diffuses from a region of lower partial pressure to a region of higher partial pressure.

Question 27

Which of the following contributes to gas exchange in the human fetus?

A)the high oxygen levels maintained in the amniotic fluid by the placenta
B)the lower blood pH of the embryo
C)the stronger attraction that fetal hemoglobin has for oxygen when compared to adult hemoglobin
D)the lack of turbulence in fetal blood

Question 28

When you hold your breath,which of the following blood gas changes leads initially to the urge to breathe again?

A)falling oxygen concentration
B)rising carbon dioxide concentration
C)falling carbon dioxide concentration
D)rising oxygen concentration

Question 29

Medullary breathing centers directly sense and respond to

A)blood pH and CO2 concentration.
B)blood pH and O2 concentration.
C)blood O₂ concentration.
D)alveolar O₂ concentration.

Question 30

The reason animals need a continuous supply of oxygen is to

A)obtain energy from their food.
B)carry out glycolysis.
C)make carbon dioxide.
D)dispose of carbon dioxide.

Question 31

Which of the following options correctly lists the direction of carbon dioxide travel as it leaves the body?

A)alveoli,bronchioles,bronchi,trachea,pharynx,larynx
B)alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,pharynx,larynx
C)alveoli,bronchioles,bronchi,trachea,larynx,pharynx
D)alveoli,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,larynx,pharynx

Question 32

Which part of the diagram shows alveoli?

A)part A
B)part B
C)part C
D)part D

Question 33

Evolutionary movement of aquatic vertebrates to land involved an intermediate individual that

A)is called a "podafish."
B)could fly.
C)had both gills and lungs.
D)evolved a tracheal system of branching internal tubes.

Question 34

What part of the human brain contains the primary breathing control center?

A)medulla oblongata
B)neocortex
C)thalamus
D)cerebellum

Question 35

Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods,which later evolved into

A)snakes and skinks.
B)migratory birds.
C)amphibians,reptiles,and mammals.
D)frogs and toads.

Question 36

What prompts a newborn baby to start to breathe?

A)exposure to air
B)a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the baby's blood
C)a change in the temperature on the surface of the skin
D)an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the baby's blood

Question 37

Oxygen is mostly transported through the body in which of the following ways?

A)dissolved in the blood
B)bound to hemoglobin
C)dissolved in red blood cells
D)bound to dissolved iron

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding breathing and circulation in insects is false?

A)The tracheal system of insects consists of a series of branching air tubes that extend from the surface to deep inside the body.
B)Insects lose very little water by using a tracheal system to breathe.
C)The circulatory system of insects is not involved in transporting oxygen.
D)Terrestrial animals such as insects spend much more energy than aquatic animals to ventilate their respiratory surfaces.

Question 39

Gills are unsuitable for animals living on land because

A)air cannot diffuse across the gill surface.
B)the large surface area of gills would allow dehydration of the animal.
C)there is no way to get air into the gills.
D)gills require high blood pressure.

Question 40

High- flying birds are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because

A)they have reduced amounts of hemoglobin in their blood.
B)their heart can increase or decrease in size as altitude changes.
C)their mitochondria are more efficient than those of other vertebrates.
D)they have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about fish gills is true?

A)They have a poor blood supply.
B)They have a surface area that is much greater than the body surface.
C)Because of their efficiency,they only need a small surface area.
D)Like lungs,they have an exhale/inhale function.

Question 42

The is a passageway shared by both food and air.

A)trachea
B)nasal cavity
C)pharynx
D)larynx

Question 43

In a mammal,blood leaving the lungs goes to

A)the brain.
B)the liver.
C)the limbs.
D)the heart.

Question 44

Labored breathing,coughing,lung infections,and respiratory failure are characteristics defining

A)tuberculosis.
B)myasthenia gravis
C)meningitis.
D)chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

Question 45

Animals that effectively use their body surface for gas exchange must

A)have a low ratio of body surface area to volume.
B)have a high ratio of body surface area to volume.
C)have a special kind of hemoglobin.
D)be terrestrial.

Question 46

When you are breathing normally,exhalation results mainly from

A)the contraction of muscles in the chest.
B)the relaxation of the chest muscles and diaphragm.
C)the contraction of the diaphragm.
D)low pressure in the lungs.