Deck 14: Leadership

Question 1

Fiedler's theory is based on the premise that leaders have one dominant leadership style that is resistant to change.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to Fiedler's research,under conditions of moderate control,task-motivated leaders are expected to be more effective.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Task-motivated leaders are predicted to be more effective under conditions of very low control.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research substantiated the conclusion that emotional intelligence is significantly associated with leadership effectiveness.

Question 5

With respect to a leader's basic motivation,OB theorist Fred Fiedler believes that there are only two independent dimensions of leader behavior: consideration and initiating structure.

Question 6

Transactional leadership is an essential prerequisite to effective leadership,and the best leaders learn to display both transactional and transformational leadership to various degrees.

Question 7

During the postwar period,researchers were able to uncover a consistent set of traits that accurately predicted which individuals became leaders in organizations.

Question 8

At the group level,leadership involves mentoring,coaching,inspiring,and motivating.

Question 9

Contingency factors are situational variables that cause one style of leadership to be more effective than another.

Question 10

When managers use a situational approach with members from a team,there are situations where some employees feel they are not among the leader's in-group.

Question 11

Research has shown that extraversion was most consistently and positively related to both leadership emergence and effectiveness.

Question 12

Behavioral styles research reveals that there is no one best style of leadership.

Question 13

One of the oldest approaches to leadership proposed that leadership behavior varied along a continuum from laissez-faire leadership to transactional leadership to transformational leadership.

Question 14

Robert House's original path-goal theory advocates that leadership is shared among all employees within an organization.

Question 15

Research on leadership has begun to recognize that the expectations,attitudes,and behavior of followers also affect how well the presumed leader can lead.

Question 16

Conscientiousness is not related to leader effectiveness.

Question 17

Recent studies indicate that people are perceived as leaders when they exhibit feminine traits and styles that emphasize empowerment,fairness,and supportiveness.

Question 18

By definition,leaders are moral individuals.

Question 19

According to House's revised path-goal theory,effective leaders possess one consistent style of leadership that fits all situations.

Question 20

Laissez-faire leadership involves clarifying employees' roles,task requirements,and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.

Question 21

A follower may not be able to accommodate a leader's style,expectations,or weaknesses and may have to seek a transfer or quit his/her job to reconcile the discrepancy.

Question 22

Transformational leadership is less traitlike and more susceptible to managerial influence.

Question 23

The common thread among the different definitions of leadership is:

A) social influence.
B) conflict management.
C) personality.
D) physical traits.
E) prescribed behavior.

Question 24

According to management experts,leaders tend to see problems and opportunities as either-or choices.

Question 25

The underlying assumption of the leader-member exchange (LMX)model of leadership is that leaders treat all employees in the same way.

Question 26

Research reveals that transactional leaders tend to have personalities that are more extraverted,agreeable,proactive,and less neurotic than nontransactional leaders.

Question 27

Which of the following is a negative leadership trait?

A) Empathy
B) Conscientiousness
C) Humility
D) Tactfulness
E) Insularity

Question 28

Jerry is in charge of the telesales department in Recreation Paradise.He insists that all the callers on the floor greet their customers with strict adherence to the script endorsed by the company.Any changes from routine are marked down on quality irrespective of their impact.Jerry's style of leadership is ineffective due to his _____ behavior.

A) insular
B) incompetent
C) rigid
D) callous
E) intemperate

Question 29

Susan wants to learn about gender and leadership.Which of the following would you offer her as information about differences in female and male leaders that is based on research?

A) Men use a more democratic,participative style than women.
B) Men are more assertive as leaders than women.
C) Men were seen as displaying more task leadership.
D) Women used a more directive style than men.
E) Male executives,when rated by their managers,scored higher than their female counterparts on a variety of effectiveness criteria.

Question 30

Researchers found that shared leadership was especially effective when leaders could offer nonmonetary incentives and information was available to the entire team.

Question 31

One implication of the LMX model of leadership is that managers need to be careful that they do not create a homogeneous work environment in the spirit of having positive relationships with their subordinates.

Question 32

Transformational leadership does not work virtually in situations where people are geographically dispersed.

Question 33

According to the Ohio State University researchers,which of the following involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires?

A) Task-motivated leadership
B) Initiating structure
C) Directive style
D) Achievement-oriented leadership
E) Consideration

Question 34

Research has found that _____ was most consistently and positively related to both leadership emergence and effectiveness.

A) insularity
B) intelligence
C) openness to experience
D) conscientiousness
E) extraversion

Question 35

According to research on effective leaders:

A) masculine-oriented traits and behaviors are more prominent.
B) extraversion is positively related to leadership emergence.
C) intelligence is highly related to leadership effectiveness.
D) intelligence is more important than personality when selecting leaders.
E) changes in leadership prototype will increase biases against women leaders.

Question 36

Thomas admires qualities like aggressiveness,self-confidence,and callousness.He idolizes Hitler and Mussolini.He believes that these are the qualities that make a great leader.These beliefs he has constitute a(n):

A) leadership style.
B) leadership prototype.
C) consideration factor.
D) situational factor.
E) implicit factor.

Question 37

Which of the following is a physical or personality characteristic that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers?

A) Leader trait
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Leadership prototype
D) Task structure
E) Contingency factor

Question 38

Servant-leadership assumes that leadership is a vertical,downward-flowing process.

Question 39

Servant-leadership was found to be positively associated with employees' performance,organizational commitment,job satisfaction,creativity,organizational citizenship behaviors,and perceptions of justice.

Question 40

Peter is the owner of Adventure Travels,a travel and holiday company.He always makes it a point to hire people who are optimistic,extraverted,and love outdoor activities.Those who exhibit more of the following characteristics are often considered for promotions.He believes in the _____ theory.

A) trait
B) behavioral
C) motivational
D) cultural
E) masculine

Question 41

Nina believes that she has complete control over her work and its outcomes.She is always willing to take up new challenges and is motivated by situations where she can exercise her skills and prove herself.She is said to prefer a(n)_____ style of leadership.

A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) dominating
E) insular

Question 42

According to House's reformulated theory,showing concern for the well-being and needs of employees,being friendly and approachable,and treating employees as equals is _____ leader behavior.

A) work-facilitation
B) achievement-oriented
C) interaction facilitation
D) supportive
E) networking

Question 43

Joan is providing guidance to employees about what should be done and how to do it,scheduling work,and empowering employees.According to path-goal theory,she is exhibiting the _____ leadership style.

A) achievement-oriented
B) work-facilitation
C) value-based
D) interaction-facilitation
E) representation and networking behaviors

Question 44

According to Fiedler,the extent to which the leader has the support,loyalty,and trust of the work group refers to which dimension of situational control?

A) Follower readiness
B) Leader-member relations
C) Employee characteristics
D) Task structure
E) Position power

Question 45

According to the original path-goal theory,which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in leadership effectiveness?

A) Employees' need for achievement
B) Employees' need for clarity
C) Employees' task ability
D) Employees' work experience
E) Work-unit performance

Question 46

According to House's revised path-goal theory:

A) leadership effectiveness is influenced by an interaction between four main leadership styles.
B) there are only two employee characteristics,task structure and work-group dynamics,that influence leadership styles.
C) fostering extrinsic motivation is an important concern for leaders.
D) leadership is a role thrust onto supervisors and managers alone.
E) leadership involves a greater variety of leader behavior and is quite complex.

Question 47

An employee with high task ability and experience is less apt to need additional guidance and thus would respond negatively to _____ leadership.

A) participative
B) achievement-oriented
C) appreciative
D) performance-oriented
E) directive

Question 48

According to path-goal theory,supportive leadership would be appropriate when:

A) tasks are routine.
B) tasks are complex.
C) employees have high task ability.
D) employees are highly experienced.
E) employees have control over the work environment.

Question 49

According to path-goal theory,establishing a vision,displaying passion for it,and supporting its accomplishment represent _____ leader behaviors.

A) work-facilitation
B) supportive
C) group-oriented decision-making
D) interaction-facilitation
E) value-based

Question 50

Harry is a manager at the DPAB department in Cetrix Systems.Returns from the business have been steadily dropping despite his attempts to control the situation.Harry is not authorized to change things beyond exhorting the employees to deliver the desired volumes.He is lacking in the _____ dimension of situational control.

A) leader-member relations
B) position power
C) task structure
D) consideration
E) initiating structure

Question 51

According to path-goal theory,encouraging employees to perform at their highest level by setting challenging goals,emphasizing excellence,and demonstrating confidence in employee abilities refers to the _____ leadership style.

A) supportive
B) achievement-oriented
C) directive
D) participative
E) authoritarian

Question 52

Selena is very keen to ensure that the monthly numbers are always high.She will ensure that people turn in and deliver results irrespective of how they feel,work,or think.Her primary concern is to get the job done every time.She is mostly:

A) employee-centered,
B) task-motivated,
C) position-oriented,
D) relationship-motivated,
E) talent-motivated,

Question 53

Adams thrives on organizing and defining what group members should be doing to maximize output.According to the Ohio State researchers,Adams is exhibiting which of the following behaviors?

A) Initiating structure
B) Concern for people
C) Relationship-motivated
D) Consideration
E) Supportive style

Question 54

Fiedler's theory was based on which of the following premises?

A) Leaders have one dominant leadership style that is resistant to change.
B) Leaders are born,not made.
C) Leaders are mostly employee-centered or job-centered.
D) Leadership effectiveness is mostly affected by traits and behaviors.
E) In situations of high control,relationship-motivated leaders are more effective.

Question 55

Marty tends to panic easily on tasks.He is a new employee at a software consulting firm and gets overwhelmed easily by the volumes of work around him.He believes that things are quite unpredictable and beyond his control at work.He would benefit from a(n)_____ style of leadership.

A) participative
B) achievement-oriented
C) directive
D) value-based
E) work-facilitation

Question 56

According to the path-goal theory,all of the following are employee characteristics that influence leadership effectiveness EXCEPT:

A) task structure.
B) task ability.
C) need for achievement.
D) locus of control.
E) need for clarity.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of the conclusions arrived at by the Ohio State researchers?

A) Followers performed more effectively for considerate leaders.
B) There is always one single style of leadership that is ideally suited to a situation.
C) The two leader behaviors had a moderately strong relationship with leadership outcomes.
D) Preference in most individuals is for structuring leaders.
E) The two leader behaviors are not seen to impact follower satisfaction or performance.

Question 58

Which of the following illustrates achievement-oriented leader behavior?

A) Rob plans,schedules,organizes,and coordinates the work between his teammates.
B) Marge looks at organizing team events that encourage people to work together and resolve their differences.
C) Jenna expresses confidence in her team's ability to reach goals and emphasizes excellence at work.
D) Dillon is friendly with his employees and considers them his equals in expressing opinions despite being a manager.
E) Marcus likes to ask his team to contribute to making decisions during team meetings.

Question 59

Situational variables that cause one style of leadership to be more effective than another are also called:

A) contingency factors.
B) readiness factors.
C) transactional leadership styles.
D) in-group exchanges.
E) out-group exchanges.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a leadership style identified by Robert House?

A) Delegating
B) Directive
C) Supportive
D) Participative
E) Achievement-oriented

Question 61

Carol is a manager at a telecom firm,BellTel Ltd.She is mostly on chat during work hours,checks and updates her Facebook status every now and then,and rarely assists her team members on tasks.Her leadership style is:

A) participative.
B) supportive.
C) laissez-faire.
D) transformational.
E) transactional.

Question 62

_____ leaders focus on clarifying employees' roles and providing rewards contingent on performance.

A) Transformational
B) Transactional
C) Operational
D) Relationship-directed
E) Laissez-faire

Question 63

The _____ model of leadership revolves around the development of dyadic relationships between managers and their direct reports.

A) leader-member exchange
B) laissez-faire
C) transactional
D) transformational
E) Fiedler

Question 64

According to the transformational model of leadership,which leader behavior includes sacrificing for the good of the group,being a role model,and displaying high ethical standards?

A) Inspirational motivation
B) Intellectual stimulation
C) Individualized consideration
D) Idealized influence
E) Clarifying path-goal behaviors

Question 65

Francine manages a team of 20.She pays special attention to the needs of followers and searches for ways to help people develop and grow constantly.She is using _____ leader behavior.

A) transactional
B) idealized influence
C) individualized consideration
D) intellectual stimulation
E) inspirational motivation

Question 66

Robbie runs a chain of supermarkets in New York called "Full Earth." He has installed high-end security systems,conducts audits on a regular basis,and has a monthly meeting with all his store managers to compare revenues,costs,and performance.He is using a _____ leadership style.

A) laissez-faire
B) transformational
C) transactional
D) participative
E) supportive

Question 67

Research reveals that _____ leadership leads to superior performance when it "augments" or adds to transactional leadership.

A) shared
B) transformational
C) laissez-faire
D) directive
E) authoritative

Question 68

All of the following are leader behaviors exhibited by transformational leaders EXCEPT:

A) initiating structure.
B) inspirational motivation.
C) idealized influence.
D) intellectual stimulation.
E) individualized consideration.

Question 69

Research reveals that _____ leaders tend to have personalities that are more extraverted,agreeable,and proactive and less neurotic than other types of leaders.

A) transactional
B) laissez-faire
C) directive
D) authoritarian
E) transformational

Question 70

Which of the following describes the "slippery slope" barrier to an ethical work environment?

A) We overlook the unethical behavior of others when it is in our interest to remain ignorant.
B) We set goals and incentives to promote a desired behavior,but they encourage a negative one.
C) We are less able to see others' unethical behavior when it develops gradually.
D) We give a pass to unethical behavior if the outcome is good.
E) We hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it is carried out through third parties.

Question 71

According to researchers,which of the following is a disadvantage to applying situational theories with members of a team?

A) Employees need to identify situational factors that affect the leadership style.
B) It advocates using one single leadership style for multiple situations.
C) It can lead to a need for identifying outcomes before determining what goals are to be achieved.
D) Treating group members differently resulted in some employees feeling that they were not among the leader's "in-group."
E) It requires changing the person in the leadership role to increase leadership effectiveness.

Question 72

Which of the following are measures that will create and maintain ethical transformational leadership?

A) Identify situational ethics
B) Match leadership to the conditions at hand
C) Identify important outcomes
D) Identify leadership types/behaviors
E) Training employees to value diversity

Question 73

Which type of leaders engender trust,seek to develop leadership in others,exhibit self-sacrifice and serve as moral agents,focusing themselves and followers on objectives that transcend the more immediate needs of the work group?

A) Transformational leaders
B) Transactional leaders
C) Laissez-faire leaders
D) Task-directed leaders
E) Servant-leaders

Question 74

Which of the following statements is true of transformational leaders/leadership?

A) They use rewards and punishment to drive motivation and performance.
B) They tend to be less agreeable and more neurotic compared to other leaders.
C) Female leaders use transformational leadership more than male leaders.
D) Transformational leadership is highly trait-like.
E) There is a strong relationship between transformational leadership and personality traits.

Question 75

Bridget is a manager at a research lab,Biometric,Inc.She remembers the names of all the junior researchers she works with and also details of their personal life such as birthdays,anniversaries,etc.She is using _____ leader behavior.

A) laissez-faire
B) intellectual stimulation
C) idealized influence
D) inspirational motivation
E) individualized consideration

Question 76

The very first step in applying transformational leadership is:

A) inspirational motivation.
B) idealized influence.
C) individualized consideration.
D) intellectual stimulation.
E) establishing rewards.

Question 77

Frank Menard runs a consulting firm,TalentTrack.He believes in engaging employees by talking about his vision for the company,appealing to their emotions,and is highly enthusiastic about the company at all times.He is using a(n)_____ leader behavior.

A) idealized influence
B) achievement-oriented
C) inspirational motivation
D) intellectual stimulation
E) individualized consideration

Question 78

Fred Badger is a systems manager who encourages his team to question decisions,raise solutions,and to seek creative alternatives to handle a situation.He is exhibiting:

A) individualized consideration.
B) idealized influence.
C) inspirational motivation.
D) intellectual stimulation.
E) reinforcement behavior.

Question 79

Which of the following are characterized as overseers who fail to create a sense of mutual trust,respect,or common fate?

A) Transformational leaders
B) Out-group exchange leaders
C) Transactional leaders
D) Servant-leaders
E) Shared leaders

Question 80

According to research,_____ leaders use transformational leadership more than _____ leaders.

A) ethical; unethical
B) male; female
C) African Americans; Hispanics
D) female; male
E) Hispanics; African Americans