Deck 1: A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties

Question 1

What is the correct order of increasing electronegativity for Rb,F,and O?

A)Rb < F < O
B)Rb < O < F
C)O < F < Rb
D)F < Rb < O
E)The order cannot be determined

Answer 1

Rb < O < F

Question 2

The bonding pattern of nitrogen with a formal charge of +1 could be described as:

A)One lone pair of electrons and three bonds
B)Two lone pairs of electrons and two bonds
C)Three lone pairs of electrons and one bond
D)Zero lone pairs of electrons and three bonds
E)Zero lone pairs of electrons and four bonds

Answer 2

Zero lone pairs of electrons and four bonds

Question 3

What force is not taken into account in the formation of a covalent bond?

A)Repulsion between two positively charged nuclei
B)Repulsion between electron clouds on individual atoms
C)Force of attraction between positively charged nuclei and electrons
D)Repulsion of electrons by neutrons
E)All forces listed are involved in forming a covalent bond

Answer 3

Repulsion of electrons by neutrons

Question 4

Select the least electronegative element from the list below:

A)P
B)N
C)Mg
D)Si
E)K

Question 5

Considering atoms with no formal charge,which statement best describes the valence of carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen?

A)Carbon: two bonds,zero lone pairs;nitrogen: three bonds,two lone pairs
B)Oxygen: two bonds,two lone pairs;nitrogen: three bonds,one lone pair
C)Carbon: three bonds,one lone pair;oxygen: two bonds,two lone pairs
D)Carbon: four bonds,zero lone pairs;nitrogen: two bonds,two lone pairs
E)Oxygen: three bonds,one lone pair;nitrogen: two bonds,two lone pairs

Question 6

In which of the following does the central atom have 2 pairs of non-bonding electrons?

A)O₃
B)CO₂
C)CO₃ ^2-
D)NH₄⁺
E)H₂S

Question 7

Carbon generally forms four bonds and is considered:

A)Tetravalent
B)Divalent
C)Trivalent
D)Monovalent
E)Qudravalent

Question 8

Select the series of atoms that is correctly arranged in order of increasing electronegativity.

A)C < N < B < Br
B)P < N < As < F
C)Li < B < N < F
D)Cl < Cs < C < Co
E)Be < B < Ba < Br

Question 9

A polar covalent bond is found in which of these compounds?

A)H₂O
B)F₂
C)NaCl
D)H₂
E)N₂

Question 10

Credit for the first synthesis of an organic compound from an inorganic precursor is generally ascribed to:

A)Berzelius
B)Arrhenius
C)Kekulé
D)Wöhler
E)Lewis

Question 11

Chemical reactions occur as a result of:

A)Attraction between opposite charges
B)Nucleus-Nucleus interactions
C)Motion of electrons
D)Like atoms interacting
E)Combining two chemicals

Question 12

Select the most electronegative element from the list below:

A)O
B)N
C)C
D)B
E)H

Question 13

What was long thought to be the difference between inorganic and organic compounds?

A)The number of atoms
B)The synthesis of organic compounds required a vital force
C)The molecular weight
D)Inorganic compounds exhibited a strong nuclear force
E)Inorganic compounds were composed exclusively of transition metals

Question 14

Select the most electronegative element from the list below:

A)N
B)P
C)O
D)S
E)F

Question 15

The bonding pattern of oxygen with a formal charge of -1 could be described as:

A)One lone pair of electrons and three single bonds
B)Two lone pairs of electrons and two single bonds
C)Three lone pairs of electrons,and one single bond
D)One lone pair of electrons,one single,and one double bond
E)Zero lone pairs,and two single and one double bond

Question 16

In ammonium,nitrogen has a valence of 4,and zero nonbonding electrons.What is the correct formal charge of nitrogen with 4 covalent bonds?

A)-2
B)-1
C)0
D)+1
E)+2

Question 17

Constitutional isomers may not differ in what aspects?

A)Physical properties
B)Atomic connectivity
C)Molecular formula
D)Name
E)Constitution

Question 18

The electronegativity of elements on the periodic table tends to increase in what manner?

A)From left to right,top to bottom
B)From right to left,bottom to top
C)From left to right,bottom to top
D)From right to left,top to bottom
E)All the atoms have the same electronegativity

Question 19

The Cl-Cl bond of chlorine is best described how?

A)Nonpolar covalent
B)Polar covalent
C)Ionic
D)Coordinate covalent
E)Bonds do not form between chlorine atoms

Question 20

Select the least electronegative element from the list below:

A)B
B)C
C)N
D)O
E)F

Question 21

Which principle(s)or rule must be used to determine the correct electronic configuration for any atom in its ground state?

A)Aufbau Principle
B)Hund's Rule
C)Pauli Exclusion Principle
D)(A)and (B)only
E)All three

Question 22

The electron configuration of a carbon atom has how many electrons unpaired?

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 23

All single bonds can be classified as:

A)nonpolar covalent.
B)polar covalent.
C)ionic.
D). $\sigma$ bonds.
E)π bonds.

Question 24

How is the full electron configuration of phosphorous represented?

A)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ 3p⁴
B)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴
C)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³
D)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²
E)1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Question 25

What is the electronic configuration for the nitride ion,N^3-?

A)1s² 2s² 2p⁰
B)1s² 2s² 2p²
C)1s² 2s²2p³
D)1s² 2s²2p⁴
E)1s² 2s² 2p⁶

Question 26

When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule,how many molecular orbitals are formed?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 27

Based on electronegativity,which of the compounds below has a partial negative ( $\delta$ -)charge on the bonded hydrogen atom?

A)BH₃
B)CH₄
C)NH₃
D)H₂O
E)CH₄.

Question 28

The electron density of what bonding type has spherical symmetry?

A). $\sigma$
B). $\pi$
C). $\delta$
D)Covalent
E)Ionic

Question 29

The electrons of carbon are best described as found in which orbitals?

A)Three s electrons;Three p electrons
B)Two 1s electrons;Four 2p electrons
C)Two 1s electrons;Two 2s electrons;Two 2p electrons
D)Two 1s electrons;Two 2s electrons;Four 2p electrons
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 30

The ground state electron configuration of carbon is:

A)1s² 2s² 2p_x¹
B)1s² 2s² 2p_x²
C)1s² 2s² 2p_x¹ 2p_y¹
D)1s² 2s² 2p_x² 2p_y¹
E)1s² 2s¹ 2p_x¹ 2p_y¹ 2p_z¹

Question 31

Which principle states that each orbital may hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins?

A)aufbau principle
B)Pauli exclusion principle
C)Hund's rule principle
D)LeChâtelier principle
E)uncertainty principle

Question 32

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7.The correct ground-state electronic configuration of nitrogen is:

A)1s² 2s¹ 2p⁴
B)1s² 2p⁵
C)1s² 2s² 2p³
D)2s² 2p⁵
E)1s² 2s² 3s³

Question 33

Which element in the second row of the periodic table has six valence electrons and a valence of two?

A)Boron
B)Carbon
C)Nitrogen
D)Oxygen
E)None have a valence of two

Question 34

In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane)is:

A)a place where $\Psi$ is negative.
B)a place where $\Psi$ is positive.
C)a place where $\Psi$ = 0.
D)a place where $\Psi$ ² is large.
E)a place where $\Psi$ ² is negative.

Question 35

Orbitals that are equivalent in energy are referred to as:

A)quantum
B)antibonding
C)bonding
D)degenerate
E)LUMO

Question 36

Which of the following elements does this electronic configuration represent? 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

A)F
B)C
C)N
D)Al
E)O

Question 37

When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule,which molecular orbitals are formed?

A)One bonding molecular orbital only
B)Two bonding molecular orbitals
C)One bonding molecular orbital and one antibonding molecular orbital
D)Two antibonding molecular orbitals
E)Three bonding molecular orbitals

Question 38

What is the result when waves interfere constructively?

A)A wave with larger amplitude
B)A wave with smaller amplitude
C)Cancellation of both waves
D)Formation of a node
E)Destructive interference

Question 39

Which element has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵?

A)Oxygen
B)Fluorine
C)Sulfur
D)Chlorine
E)Bromine

Question 40

How many distinct p orbitals exist in the second electron shell?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 41

Which of the following covalent bonds has the largest dipole moment?

A)C-C
B)C-H
C)C-O
D)H-N
E)H-F

Question 42

The hybridization of nitrogen in trimethylamine, (CH₃)₃N:,is best described as:

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)p³
E)d²sp³

Question 43

For the methyl anion,:CH₃^-,the lone pair of electrons reside in which hybridized orbital?

A)s
B)p
C)sp
D)sp²
E)sp³

Question 44

For a bond forming reaction involving donation of electrons between atoms,electron density is transferred into which molecular orbital of the accepting atom?

A)s orbital
B)p orbital
C)d orbital
D)HOMO
E)LUMO

Question 45

What shape is the shape of the molecule BF₃,with only three covalent bonds to,and no lone pairs of electrons on,the boron atom?

A)Trigonal pyramidal
B)Trigonal planar
C)Tetrahedral
D)Linear
E)Bent

Question 46

The H-C bond in the methyl cation,CH₃⁺,is formed from the overlap of what orbitals?

A)sp³-sp³
B)sp²-sp³
C)s-p
D)s-sp²
E)s-sp³

Question 47

Which of the following molecules has the smallest dipole moment?

A)Cl₂
B)NH₃
C)HF
D)HCl
E)HBr

Question 48

What shape does the methane molecule,CH₄,have?

A)A triangular pyramid
B)A square pyramid
C)A square plane
D)A tetrahedron
E)Bent

Question 49

When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule,how are the electrons distributed in the resulting molecular orbitals?

A)2 electrons in the bonding molecular orbital
B)1 electron in the bonding molecular orbital,1 electron in the non-bonding molecular orbital
C)1 electron in the bonding molecular orbital,1 electron in the antibonding molecular orbital
D)2 electrons in the non-bonding molecular orbital
E)2 electrons in the antibonding molecular orbital

Question 50

Identify the atomic orbitals in the C-C sigma ( $\sigma$ )bond in ethyne,H-C≡C-H.

A)(sp²,sp²)
B)(sp³,sp³)
C)(sp,sp)
D)(p,p)
E)(sp,s)

Question 51

The molecular geometry of carbon tetrachloride,CCl₄,is best described as:

A)tetrahedron
B)square
C)cube
D)circle
E)sphere

Question 52

Which molecule has a non-linear shape (i.e. ,for which molecule are the nuclei not arranged in a straight line,and without a bond angle of 180°)?

A)CO₂
B)H₂O
C)HCl
D)HCN
E)C₂H₂

Question 53

The carbon and oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide (CO)are connected by which type of bond(s)?

A)A sigma ( $\sigma$ )bond
B)Two sigma ( $\sigma$ )bonds
C)A pi ( $\pi$ )bond
D)Two pi ( $\pi$ )bonds
E)Both A and D

Question 54

Which of these substances contain both covalent and ionic bonds?

A)NH₄Cl
B)H₂O₂
C)CH₄
D)HCN
E)H₂S

Question 55

What bond angle is associated with a tetrahedral atom?

A)120°
B)109.5°
C)180°
D)90°
E)45°

Question 56

When two hydrogen 1s atomic orbitals of the same phase interact,which of the statements below is incorrect?

A)A sigma bonding molecular orbital is formed.
B)The bonding molecular orbital formed is lower in energy than a hydrogen 1s atomic orbital.
C)The bonding molecular orbital formed has a node between the atoms.
D)The bonding molecular orbital formed is cylindrically symmetric.
E)A maximum of two electrons may occupy the bonding molecular orbital.

Question 57

What is the approximate bond angle around the carbon in formaldehyde,a molecule with the formula H₂CO?

A)60°
B)90°
C)109.5°
D)120°
E)180°

Question 58

For the hydrogen halides,which is the correct sequence for a)the molecule with the weakest bond,b)the molecule with the shortest bond,and c)the molecule with the most polar bond.

A)HF $~~~~~~~~$ HI $~~~~~~~~$ HBr
B)HI $~~~~~~~~$ HBr $~~~~~~~~$ HCl
C)HBr $~~~~~~~~$ HI $~~~~~~~~$ HF
D)HI $~~~~~~~~$ HBr $~~~~~~~~$ HF
E)HCl $~~~~~~~~$ HBr $~~~~~~~~$ HI

Question 59

The molecular geometry of water is best described as:

A)Pyramidal
B)Linear
C)Bent
D)Tetrahedral
E)Square Planar

Question 60

Which of the following compounds are covalent compounds?

A)KF
B)CHF₃
C)NH₃
D)both A and B
E)both B and C

Question 61

Which of the following statements best explains the observation that HF has the highest boiling point of all the hydrogen halides?

A)The fluorine in HF is the smallest atom for all of the halogens
B)Fluorine is the most electronegative of the atoms
C)HF can participate in hydrogen bonding
D)HF is very reactive and can react and dissolve glass
E)HF is a weak acid,and doesn't completely dissociate

Question 62

In the early understanding of chemistry,organic compounds were defined as only those molecules obtained from _________________.

Question 63

Constitutional isomers differ only by _________________.

Question 64

The bond formed from the sharing of a pair of electrons is classified as a _________________.

Question 65

Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for base pairing,and stability,of the double helix in DNA?

A)Ion-ion
B)Dipole-dipole
C)Hydrogen bonds
D)London dispersion forces
E)Covalent bonds

Question 66

Compounds that are not identical,but have the same molecular formula,are referred to as _________________.

Question 67

Which attractive intermolecular force is generally considered the weakest?

A)Ion-ion
B)London dispersion forces
C)Dipole-dipole
D)Covalent bonding
E)Hydrogen bonding

Question 68

Modern organic chemistry is generally defined as _________________.

Question 69

Which attractive intermolecular force is generally considered the strongest?

A)London dispersion forces
B)Dipole-dipole interactions
C)Fleeting dipole-dipole interactions
D)The Vital force
E)Hydrogen bonding

Question 70

For soap to remove and dissolve oil in water,what molecular features are needed?

A)One end of the molecule must be polar
B)The compound must contain oxygen atoms
C)One end of the molecule must be nonpolar
D)A and C are required
E)A,B,and C are required

Question 71

Provide the electron configuration of sulfur.

Question 72

Provide a Lewis structure for acetonitrile,CH₃CN,illustrating the hybridization,geometry and bond angle of each carbon.

Question 73

The element with the electronic configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ is _________________.

Question 74

Molecular orbitals resulting from the overlap of atomic orbitals of opposite phase are referred to as _________________.

Question 75

Of the molecules listed,which does not have a dipole moment?

A)HCl
B)NCl₃
C)CO
D)BF₃
E)All molecules have a dipole moment.

Question 76

In compounds where the nitrogen atom bears no formal charge,the typical valence of the nitrogen atom is _________________.

Question 77

Of the molecules given,which is expected to have the lowest boiling point?

A)CH₃Cl
B)CH₄
C)CH₂Cl₂
D)CHCl₃
E)CCl₄

Question 78

What atomic property is considered in determining if a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?

Question 79

An orbital is defined as a region of space with a high probability of ____________.

Question 80

Select the molecule that does not exhibit a net dipole moment of zero?

A)CBr₄
B)CO₂
C)CH₄
D)H₂O
E)C₂H₄