Deck 15: Divorce, single-Parent Families, and Stepfamilies

Question 1

The most infrequent type of custody arrangement is _____ custody.

Answer 1

split custody

Question 2

Research suggests that _____ custody appears to have the best positive outcomes for children.

Answer 2

joint

Question 3

A divorce that is sought on the grounds of "irreconcilable differences" is defined as

A) traditional divorce.
B) no-fault divorce.
C) amiable divorce.
D) irreconcilable divorce.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The notion that divorce is so accepted that it is an inevitable outcome of marriage is called a _____.

Question 5

In the past 20 years the divorce rate in mainland China has ________.

A) doubled.
B) nearly tripled.
C) remained constant.
D) fell slightly.

Question 6

Slightly less than _____% of marriages end in divorce.

Question 7

The _____ doctrine presumed that children would automatically be better off with their mothers.

Question 8

Children who live primarily in one home with one parent but visit another in a second home are part of a _____ custody arrangement.

Question 9

"No-fault divorce" appears to have done all of the following EXCEPT

A) contribute to the feminization of poverty.
B) reduce the bitterness of the divorce process.
C) increase the divorce rate.
D) challenge the notion that children are automatically better off with their mothers.

Question 10

When each parent has custody of one or more children,the arrangement is termed _____ custody.

Question 11

The divorce rate in the United States was lowest during which of the following periods?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 12

The first no-fault divorce law in the United States was instituted in

A) Massachusetts.
B) Nevada.
C) California.
D) Florida.

Question 13

Statutes that eliminated the need to place blame on one partner are called _____.

Question 14

The _____,which presumed that young children would be better off with their mother than their father,has been replaced by the notion of _____ as being in the best interests of the child.

Question 15

A lack of clarity regarding who is included and who is not included in the family is _____.

Question 16

No-fault divorce laws are based on the theory that

A) blame serves no useful purpose in divorce proceedings.
B) children suffer more in guilt-based divorce proceedings.
C) equality results in a more positive outcome for all parties to divorce.
D) the adversarial process favors the partner with more resources.

Question 17

A family in which one or both partners in a relationship have a child or children from a previous relationship is a _____.

Question 18

What is the average length of first marriages that end in divorce?

A) two years
B) five years
C) seven years
D) ten years

Question 19

Divorce rates have changed as a result of societal events,such as:

A) wars.
B) laws.
C) religious values of a culture.
D) all of these

Question 20

After divorce or separation,as long as one partner doesn't drop out of the family,and the two households continue to interrelate,they are considered a _____ family.

Question 21

When Johnny's parents got divorced he went to live with his dad while his sister was staying with his mom.This is an example of:

A) sole custody.
B) joint custody.
C) split custody.
D) chaotic custody.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of traditional divorce law that were transformed by no-fault divorce?

A) sex-based divisions of role responsibilities
B) linkage of financial settlement to guilt and innocence
C) adversarial nature of divorce proceedings
D) principle of custody arrangements

Question 23

The "tender years doctrine" presumed that:

A) children suffer more damage from divorce when they are young.
B) children would automatically be better off with their mothers.
C) young children need a strong relationship with both parents.
D) children would benefit economically by living with their fathers after divorce.

Question 24

Miguel is recently divorced and feels that the divorce was a speed bump in his life.He feels like a survivor and does not feel like divorce had a negative impact.According to Hetherington and Kelly (2002),out of their six different styles of adjusting to divorce,which typology does he most closely fit?

A) Enhanced type.
B) Competent loner.
C) Good enough's.
D) Libertines.

Question 25

Clarice's parents just got divorced and she lives with her mother but has visitation with her father twice a month.This is an example of:

A) sole custody.
B) joint custody.
C) split custody.
D) chaotic custody.

Question 26

Which of the following questions is NOT one that will help assess a family's suitability for joint custody?

A) Can both parents maintain a suitable home for the children?
B) Do the parents have a fairly amicable co parental relationship?
C) Do all parties want to continue contact following the divorce?
D) Does one parent want more time to pursue her or his own interests?

Question 27

No-fault laws were generally viewed as creating more equality between spouse in a divorce,but all of the following inequalities still remained EXCEPT

A) women still made less money
B) women were generally given custody of children
C) mothers generally made more money than fathers
D) fathers were not given custody of children

Question 28

Jennifer is recently divorced and is now living life in the fast lane.She is enjoying her singlehood and not looking back at all.According to Hetherington and Kelly (2002),out of their six different styles of adjusting to divorce,which typology does she most closely fit?

A) Enhanced type.
B) Competent loner.
C) Good enough's.
D) Libertines.

Question 29

Sharon is recently divorced and feels that the process helped her focus on her strengths and allowed her to develop herself more fully.According to Hetherington and Kelly (2002),out of their six different styles of adjusting to divorce,which typology does she most closely fit?

A) Enhanced type.
B) Competent loner.
C) Good enough's.
D) Libertines.

Question 30

According to a 2002 study by Hetherington and Kelly,what percentage of children were deemed to be doing "rather well" six years after a divorce?

A) 75%-80%
B) 60%-65%
C) 50%-55%
D) Less than 50%

Question 31

Hetherington and Kelly (2002)found six different styles of adjusting to divorce.Three types of divorced couples (over 70%)did better after the divorce,and three types that did worse.Which of the following was the largest group with over 40% of divorced persons falling under this type?

A) Enhanced type.
B) Competent loner.
C) Good enough's.
D) Libertines.

Question 32

Hetherington and Kelly (2002)found six different styles of adjusting to divorce.Three types of divorced couples (over 70%)did better after the divorce,and three types that did worse.Which of the following is NOT one of the three types that were doing better after the divorce?

A) Enhanced type.
B) Competent loner.
C) Good enough's.
D) Libertines.

Question 33

In Wallerstein's study,the impact of divorce on children was found to,even years later,

A) show no long-term effects.
B) have a long-term impact.
C) be one of the most revealing studies in recent years.
D) show no short-term effects and be one of the most revealing studies in recent years.

Question 34

When it comes to children in a family of divorce,_____ custody has been found to have more positive outcomes.

A) joint
B) split
C) sole
D) primary

Question 35

Marcus is recently divorced and will never remarry.He is happy being single and has a full life.According to Hetherington and Kelly (2002),out of their six different styles of adjusting to divorce,which typology does he most closely fit?

A) Enhanced type.
B) Competent loner.
C) Good enough's.
D) Libertines.

Question 36

Timmy's parents recently divorced and he is spending an equal amount of time in both his mother's and father's homes.This is an example of:

A) sole custody.
B) joint custody.
C) split custody.
D) chaotic custody.

Question 37

The term binuclear family can be used in place of the term

A) stepfamily.
B) single-parent family.
C) blended family.
D) reconstituted family.

Question 38

Hetherington and Kelly (2002)found six different styles of adjusting to divorce.Three types of divorced couples (over 70%)did better after the divorce,and three types that did worse.Which of the following is NOT one of the three types that were doing worse after the divorce?

A) Defeated.
B) Competent loner.
C) Seekers.
D) Libertines.

Question 39

Which type of family is characterized by "one child,two homes"?

A) sole custody
B) joint custody
C) split custody
D) binuclear family

Question 40

A successful coping strategy developed by single parents for single parents is:

A) Face realistically what has happened.
B) Keep busy.
C) Listen,then make your own decisions.
D) All of these are suggested coping strategies.

Question 41

Samantha's parents are divorced and have low conflict with each other but really don't discuss many parenting issues together.Based on Kelly (2007),who described three types of co-parenting relationships following divorce or separation,what kind of co-parenting approach have her parents taken?

A) conflicted co-parenting.
B) parallel co-parenting.
C) cooperative co-parenting.
D) parental alienation.

Question 42

Kelly (2007),described three types of co-parenting relationships following divorce or separation,which is the most common,with about half of all parents taking this approach?

A) conflicted co-parenting.
B) parallel co-parenting.
C) cooperative co-parenting.
D) parental alienation.

Question 43

No-fault divorce laws contributed to a sharp rise in the divorce rate.

Question 44

After getting divorced,Guillermo's parents focus more on their own needs than his.They fight a lot and have poor communication.Based on Kelly (2007),who described three types of co-parenting relationships following divorce or separation,what kind of co-parenting approach have his parents taken?

A) conflicted co-parenting.
B) parallel co-parenting.
C) cooperative co-parenting.
D) parental alienation.

Question 45

Rafael's divorced parents do a great job of planning for his needs and supporting each other in their parenting role.Based on Kelly (2007),who described three types of co-parenting relationships following divorce or separation,what kind of co-parenting approach have his parents taken?

A) conflicted co-parenting.
B) parallel co-parenting.
C) cooperative co-parenting.
D) parental alienation.

Question 46

The percentage of single-parent families headed by fathers is currently _______.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 18%
D) 25%

Question 47

In 1970,_____ of noncustodial fathers saw their children at least once a week,but in 2002 that number had increased to _____.

A) 5%/10%
B) 10%/25%
C) 18%/31%
D) 31%/50%

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a challenge of being a single parent:

A) financially you tend to be worse off.
B) there is stigma in being a single parent.
C) making decisions alone.
D) the parent and child get to do the hard things.

Question 49

What has research show about the role of fathers in the lives of their noncustodial children?

A) Fathers rely on others for support.
B) Relationships with children have positive effects on the father's well being
C) Close relationships with mother are related to close relationships with noncustodial father.
D) All of these.

Question 50

A benefit of being a single parent is:

A) financially you tend to be better off.
B) today there is little stigma in being a single parent.
C) making decisions alone.
D) increased closeness between parent and child.

Question 51

A _____ is a family which one or more partners in a relationship have a child or children from a previous relationship?

A) binuclear family
B) stepfamily
C) divorce
D) joint-custody

Question 52

A lack of clarity regarding who is included,not included in a family is known as

A) pseudo mutuality.
B) boundary ambiguity.
C) family relationships.
D) none of these

Question 53

All types of families can be strong.

Question 54

Some of the strengths discussed in single-parent families are

A) the ability to manage crises and stress effectively.
B) a more closely connected relationship with parent/child.
C) an ability to spend more quality time with parent/child.
D) none of these

Question 55

Strategies offered by single parents to help other single parents cope include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A) take up new activities you've always wanted to try.
B) listen to others,but make your own decisions.
C) seek counseling.
D) consider going back to school.

Question 56

_____ refers to the lack of clarity regarding who is and who is not included in the family.

A) Divorce
B) Joint-custody
C) Boundary ambiguity
D) Remarriage

Question 57

Divorce has always been a common option for married couples.

Question 58

The number of divorces peaked around 1980.

Question 59

The highest divorce rates in history occurred in 1979 and 1981.

Question 60

As of 2008,the percentage of single-parent families was

A) 11%.
B) 18%.
C) 26%
D) 32%.

Question 61

All 50 states have no-fault divorce laws.

Question 62

Since the advent of no-fault divorce,fathers have become at least theoretically equal to mothers in questions of child custody.

Question 63

Dramatic downward mobility is a consequence of divorce for many couples.

Question 64

The least common form of custody arrangement is split.

Question 65

One reason for the declining divorce rate may be the increase in couples living together.

Question 66

A false assumption made by some stepfamilies is that they are just like nuclear families.

Question 67

The average age of divorce for a man is 36.

Question 68

The relationship a child has with each parent before the divorce has an impact on the child's divorce experience.

Question 69

No-fault divorce laws failed to eliminate gender-based division of responsibility.

Question 70

In the 1970s,fathers began advocating for involvement in the lives of their children.

Question 71

Women entering the work force had a significant affect on divorce rates.

Question 72

Most children are doing well 6 years after divorce.