Question 1

When reviewing the health history of a patient,the nurse will note that a potential contraindication to potassium supplements exists if the patient has which problem?&#10;A) Burns&#10;B) Diarrhea&#10;C) Renal disease&#10;D) Cardiac tachydysrhythmias

Accepted Answer

Patients with renal disease can have difficulty excreting excess potassium and therefore may develop hyperkalemia if given potassium supplements. Burns, diarrhea, and cardiac tachydysrhythmias are not necessarily contraindications to potassium supplements.

Question 2

The order reads,&#34;Give 1500 mL of normal saline over 12 hours.The tubing drop factor is 15 gtt/mL.&#34; The nurse will set the gravity drip infusion at how many drops per minute (gtt/min)._______

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

A patient who is severely anemic also has acute heart failure with severe edema due to fluid overload.The prescriber wants to raise the patient's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which blood product?

A) Fresh frozen plasma
B) Albumin
C) Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)
D) Whole blood

Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)

Accepted Answer

Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) would be the best choice for this patient as they specifically increase hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which is the prescriber's goal. Fresh frozen plasma and albumin do not contain significant amounts of red blood cells, and whole blood contains a multitude of components that may not all be necessary for this patient's current needs.

Question 4

The nurse is preparing to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs).Which patient would be best treated with this transfusion?&#10;A) A patient with a coagulation disorder&#10;B) A patient with severe anemia&#10;C) A patient who has lost a massive amount of blood after an accident&#10;D) A patient who has a clotting-factor deficiency

Accepted Answer

Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are used to treat patients with severe anemia. Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to the tissues. PRBCs are concentrated units of red blood cells that can quickly increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Patients who have lost a significant amount of blood, such as those who have experienced trauma or surgery, may benefit from a PRBC transfusion. Patients with coagulation disorders or clotting-factor deficiencies may require other blood products, such as fresh frozen plasma or platelets.

Question 5

When monitoring a patient for signs of hypokalemia,the nurse looks for what early sign?&#10;A) Seizures&#10;B) Cardiac dysrhythmias&#10;C) Diarrhea&#10;D) Muscle weakness

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness is an early sign of hypokalemia. Seizures and cardiac dysrhythmias are more severe manifestations of hypokalemia. Diarrhea can cause potassium loss, but it is not necessarily an early sign of hypokalemia.

Question 6

After a severe auto accident,a patient has been taken to the trauma unit and has an estimated blood loss of more than 30% of his blood volume.The nurse prepares to administer which product?&#10;A) Albumin&#10;B) Whole blood&#10;C) Packed red blood cells&#10;D) Fresh frozen plasma

Accepted Answer

A patient who has lost a massive amount (over 25%) of blood volume would receive whole blood. PRBCs are given to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity in patients with anemia, in patients with substantial hemoglobin deficits, and in patients who have lost up to 25% of their total blood volume. A patient with a coagulation disorder or a clotting-factor deficiency would receive fresh frozen plasma; albumin is used to expand fluid volume.

Question 7

A patient is receiving an infusion of fresh frozen plasma.Based on this order,the nurse interprets that this patient has which condition?&#10;A) Hypovolemic shock&#10;B) Anemia&#10;C) Coagulation disorder&#10;D) Previous transfusion reaction

Accepted Answer

Fresh frozen plasma is typically given to patients with a coagulation disorder, as it contains clotting factors that can help to correct bleeding disorders. It is not typically given for hypovolemic shock, anemia, or previous transfusion reactions.

Question 8

During an infusion of albumin,the nurse monitors the patient closely for the development of which adverse effect?&#10;A) Hypernatremia&#10;B) Fluid volume deficit&#10;C) Fluid volume overload&#10;D) Transfusion reaction

Accepted Answer

Albumin is a protein that is administered to help restore circulating volume in patients with hypoproteinemia, burns, and other conditions. Administration of albumin can lead to fluid volume overload, which can cause symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, rales, and hypertension. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient closely for signs of fluid volume overload during and after the infusion. Hypernatremia or fluid volume deficit are not common adverse effects of albumin administration. Transfusion reaction is an adverse effect of blood transfusion, not albumin infusion.

Question 9

The nurse is working with a graduate nurse to prepare an intravenous dose of potassium.Which statement by the graduate nurse reflects a need for further teaching?&#10;A) &#34;We will need to monitor this infusion closely.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;The infusion rate should not go over 10 mEq/hr.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The intravenous potassium will be diluted before we give it.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The statement "The intravenous potassium dose will be given undiluted" reflects a need for further teaching as it is not safe to administer potassium undiluted due to the risk of causing severe hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. Potassium should always be diluted before administration. The other statements demonstrate appropriate knowledge and understanding of safe potassium administration.

Question 10

A patient is in an urgent care center and is receiving treatment for mild hyponatremia after spending several hours doing gardening work in the heat of the day.The nurse expects that which drug therapy will be used to treat this condition?

A) Oral supplementation of fluids
B) Intravenous bolus of lactated Ringer's solution
C) Normal saline infusion,administered slowly
D) Oral administration of sodium chloride tablets

Accepted Answer

Mild hyponatremia is usually treated by oral administration of sodium chloride tablets. Pronounced sodium depletion is treated by intravenous normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution.

Question 11

During a blood transfusion,the patient begins to have chills and back pain.What is the nurse's priority action?&#10;A) Observe for other symptoms.&#10;B) Slow the infusion rate of the blood.&#10;C) Discontinue the infusion immediately,and notify the prescriber.&#10;D) Tell the patient that these symptoms are a normal reaction to the blood product.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a blood transfusion,the patient begins to...

Question 12

The nurse is preparing to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs).Which intravenous solution is correct for use with the PRBC transfusion? A) 5% dextrose in water (D₅W) B) 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) C) 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride (D₅NS) D) 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution (D₅LR)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing to transfuse a...

Question 13

An intravenous piggyback (IVPB)antibiotic needs to infuse over 90 minutes.The IVPB bag contains 150 mL.Calculate the setting for the infusion pump._______

Accepted Answer

The answer of An intravenous piggyback (IVPB)antibiotic needs to infuse...

Question 14

The nurse is preparing to give a potassium supplement.Which laboratory test should be checked before the patient receives a dose of potassium?&#10;A) Complete blood count&#10;B) Serum potassium level&#10;C) Serum sodium level&#10;D) Liver function studies

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing to give a...

Deck 29: Fluids and Electrolytes