Question 1

Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of pregnancy for which reason?&#10;A) Decreased fetal surface area&#10;B) Increased placental surface area&#10;C) Enhanced blood flow to the fetus&#10;D) Increased amount of protein-bound drug in maternal circulation

Accepted Answer

Drug transfer to the fetus is more likely during the last trimester of pregnancy as a result of enhanced blood flow to the fetus. The other options are incorrect. Increased fetal surface area, not decreased, is a factor that affects drug transfer to the fetus. The placenta's surface area does not increase during this time. Drug transfer is increased because of an increased amount of free drug, not protein-bound drug, in the mother's circulation.

Question 2

When discussing dosage calculation for pediatric patients with a clinical pharmacist,the nurse notes that which type of dosage calculation is used most commonly in pediatric calculations?&#10;A) West nomogram&#10;B) Clark rule&#10;C) Height-to-weight ratio&#10;D) Milligram per kilogram of body weight formula

Accepted Answer

The milligram per kilogram of body weight formula is the most commonly used method for calculating pediatric medication dosages. This formula takes into account the child's weight, which is a key factor in determining the appropriate medication dose. The other options listed (West nomogram, Clark rule, and height-to-weight ratio) may be used in specific situations, but they are not as commonly used as the milligram per kilogram of body weight formula.

Question 3

The nurse recognizes that it is not uncommon for an elderly patient to experience a reduction in the stomach's ability to produce hydrochloric acid.This change may result in which effect?&#10;A) Delayed gastric emptying&#10;B) Increased gastric acidity&#10;C) Decreased intestinal absorption of medications&#10;D) Altered absorption of weakly acidic drugs

Accepted Answer

A reduction in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach can alter the absorption of weakly acidic drugs, as these drugs require an acidic environment for optimal absorption.

Question 4

The nurse is trying to give a liquid medication to a -year-old child and notes that the medication has a strong taste.Which technique is the best way for the nurse to give the medication to this child?

A) Give the medication with a spoonful of ice cream.
B) Add the medication to the child's bottle.
C) Tell the child you have candy for him.
D) Add the medication to a cup of milk.

Accepted Answer

Giving the medication with a spoonful of ice cream can help mask the taste and make it more palatable for the child. It is important to check with the healthcare provider to ensure that the medication can be taken with food or drink.

Question 5

The nurse is monitoring a patient who is in the 26th week of pregnancy and has developed gestational diabetes and pneumonia.She is given medications that pose a possible fetal risk,but the potential benefits may warrant the use of the medications in her situation.The nurse recognizes that these medications are in which U.S.Food and Drug Administration pregnancy safety category?

A) Category X
B) Category B
C) Category C
D) Category D

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy category D fits the description given. Category B indicates no risk to animal fetus; information for humans is not available. Category C indicates adverse effects reported in animal fetus; information for humans is not available. Category X consists of drugs that should not be used in pregnant women because of reports of fetal abnormalities and positive evidence of fetal risk in humans.

Question 6

An elderly patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension will be receiving a new prescription for an antihypertensive drug.The nurse expects which type of dosing to occur with this drug therapy?&#10;A) Drug therapy will be based on the patient's weight.&#10;B) Drug therapy will be based on the patient's age.&#10;C) The patient will receive the maximum dose that is expected to reduce the blood pressure.&#10;D) The patient will receive the lowest possible dose at first,and then the dose will be increased as needed.

Accepted Answer

For an elderly patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension, the initial dose of the antihypertensive drug will be low to prevent adverse effects. The dose will then be gradually increased as needed to achieve the desired blood pressure reduction. This approach helps to minimize the risk of adverse effects and ensures that the patient receives the optimal dose. Dosage based on weight or age is not a typical approach when prescribing antihypertensive drugs. The maximum dose may also cause adverse effects if prescribed without titration.

Question 7

An 83-year-old woman has been given a thiazide diuretic to treat mild heart failure.She and her daughter should be told to watch for which problems?&#10;A) Constipation and anorexia&#10;B) Fatigue,leg cramps,and dehydration&#10;C) Daytime sedation and lethargy&#10;D) Edema,nausea,and blurred vision

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics can cause fatigue, leg cramps, and dehydration as side effects. It is important for the patient and her daughter to watch for these symptoms and report them to the healthcare provider. Constipation and anorexia are not commonly associated with thiazide diuretics, and daytime sedation and lethargy are more commonly associated with sedative medications. Edema, nausea, and blurred vision are potential symptoms of heart failure and would likely improve with treatment using a thiazide diuretic.

Question 8

The nurse is assessing a newly admitted 83-year-old patient and determines that the patient is experiencing polypharmacy.Which statement most accurately illustrates polypharmacy?&#10;A) The patient is experiencing multiple illnesses.&#10;B) The patient uses one medication for an illness several times per day.&#10;C) The patient uses over-the-counter drugs for an illness.&#10;D) The patient uses multiple medications simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications simultaneously. It occurs when a patient is prescribed unnecessary medications, duplicate medications, or medication combinations that can lead to adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. It is especially common among elderly patients who may have multiple chronic conditions and receive prescriptions from multiple healthcare providers.

Question 9

The nurse is preparing to give an injection to a 4-year-old child.Which intervention is age appropriate for this child?&#10;A) Give the injection without any advanced preparation.&#10;B) Give the injection,and then explain the reason for the procedure afterward.&#10;C) Offer a brief,concrete explanation of the procedure at the patient's level and with the parent or caregiver present.&#10;D) Prepare the child in advance with details about the procedure without the parent or caregiver present.

Accepted Answer

Offering a brief, concrete explanation of the procedure at the patient's level and with the parent or caregiver present is the most age-appropriate intervention for a 4-year-old child. This allows the child to understand what is happening and reduces fear and anxiety. The presence of a parent or caregiver can provide comfort and support during the procedure. Additionally, providing the explanation beforehand allows the child to mentally prepare for the injection.

Question 10

For accurate medication administration to pediatric patients,the nurse must take into account which criteria?&#10;A) Organ maturity&#10;B) Renal output&#10;C) Body temperature&#10;D) Height

Accepted Answer

Organ maturity is an important criteria to consider before administering medication to pediatric patients as their organs may not have fully developed and may not be able to handle certain medications. Renal output, body temperature, and height can also be factors to consider but may not be as critical as organ maturity.

Question 11

A 7-year-old child will be receiving amoxicillin (Amoxil)80 mg/kg/day in two divided doses.The child weighs 55 pounds.The medication,once reconstituted,is available as an oral suspension of 50 mg/mL.Identify how many milliliters will the child receive per dose._______

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 7-year-old child will be receiving amoxicillin...

Question 12

The nurse is aware that confusion,forgetfulness,and increased risk for falls are common responses in an elderly patient who is taking which type of drug?&#10;A) Laxatives&#10;B) Anticoagulants&#10;C) Sedatives&#10;D) Antidepressants

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is aware that confusion,forgetfulness,and increased...

Question 13

The nurse is administering drugs to neonates and will consider which factor may contribute the most to drug toxicity?&#10;A) The lungs are immature.&#10;B) The kidneys are small.&#10;C) The liver is not fully developed.&#10;D) Excretion of the drug occurs quickly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is administering drugs to neonates...

Deck 3: Lifespan Considerations