Question 1

When monitoring the patient receiving an intravenous infusion to reduce blood pressure,the nurse notes that the patient's blood pressure is extremely low,and the patient is lethargic and difficult to awaken.This would be classified as which type of adverse drug reaction?

A) Adverse effect
B) Allergic reaction
C) Idiosyncratic reaction
D) Pharmacologic reaction

Pharmacologic reaction

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a pharmacologic reaction, which is a response to a medication that is expected based on the drug's known pharmacological properties. In this case, the intravenous infusion was intended to lower the patient's blood pressure, but the patient's response was excessive and resulted in extremely low blood pressure and lethargy. This is a known potential adverse effect of this type of medication.

Question 2

The nurse is administering medications to the patient who is in renal failure resulting from end-stage renal disease.The nurse is aware that patients with kidney failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase?

A) Absorption
B) Distribution
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion

Excretion

Accepted Answer

In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete medications, leading to a high risk for drug toxicity. Patients in renal failure often require a dose adjustment or a longer dosing interval to avoid accumulation of medications in the body. Absorption, distribution, and metabolism are not typically affected by renal failure.

Question 3

When given an intravenous medication,the patient says to the nurse,&#34;I usually take pills.Why does this medication have to be given in the arm?&#34; What is the nurse's best answer?&#10;A) &#34;The medication will cause fewer adverse effects when given intravenously.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;The intravenous medication will have delayed absorption into the body's tissues.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;There is a lower chance of allergic reactions when drugs are given intravenously.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Intravenous (IV) medication is delivered directly into the bloodstream, allowing it to take effect very quickly. This is because the medication does not have to go through the digestive system or be absorbed by tissues before it reaches the target site. In contrast, pills can take longer to have an effect because they have to be broken down and absorbed by the body first.

Question 4

A patient who has advanced cancer is receiving opioid medications around the clock to keep him comfortable as he nears the end of his life.Which term best describes this type of therapy?&#10;A) Palliative therapy&#10;B) Maintenance therapy&#10;C) Empiric therapy&#10;D) Supplemental therapy

Accepted Answer

Palliative therapy is focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with serious or life-limiting illnesses, such as advanced cancer. The use of opioids for pain management is a common aspect of palliative therapy. Maintenance therapy is typically used for chronic conditions and involves ongoing treatment to prevent disease progression, whereas empiric therapy involves treating a suspected infection without first identifying the specific causative agent. Supplemental therapy is used in addition to primary treatment to enhance its effects or manage its side effects.

Question 5

When administering drugs,the nurse remembers that the duration of action of a drug is defined as which of these?&#10;A) The time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response&#10;B) The amount of time needed to remove a drug from circulation&#10;C) The time it takes for a drug to achieve its maximum therapeutic response&#10;D) The time period at which a drug's concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response

Accepted Answer

Duration of action is the time during which drug's concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response. The other options do not define duration of action. A drug's onset of action is the time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response. A drug's peak effect is the time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response. Elimination is the length of time it takes to remove a drug from circulation.

Question 6

When administering a new medication to a patient,the nurse reads that it is highly protein bound.Assuming that the patient's albumin levels are normal,the nurse would expect which result,as compared to a medication that is not highly protein bound?

A) Renal excretion will be faster.
B) The drug will be metabolized quickly.
C) The duration of action of the medication will be shorter.
D) The duration of action of the medication will be longer.

Accepted Answer

Highly protein bound medications remain in circulation for a longer period of time because they are bound to albumin and cannot be filtered through the kidneys as easily. Therefore, the duration of action of the medication will be longer compared to a medication that is not highly protein bound.

Question 7

A drug dose that delivers 250 mg has a half-life of 5 hours.Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life._______

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug dose that delivers 250 mg...

Question 8

The patient is complaining of a headache and asks the nurse which over-the-counter medication form would work the fastest to help reduce the pain.Which medication form will the nurse suggest?&#10;A) A capsule&#10;B) A tablet&#10;C) An enteric-coated tablet&#10;D) A powder

Accepted Answer

Powders dissolve faster than other forms, allowing for quicker absorption and relief.

Question 9

The patient is experiencing chest pain and needs to take a sublingual form of nitroglycerin.Where does the nurse instruct the patient to place the tablet?&#10;A) Under the tongue&#10;B) On top of the tongue&#10;C) At the back of the throat&#10;D) In the space between the cheek and the gum

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin tablets are meant to be dissolved under the tongue for rapid absorption into the bloodstream to relieve chest pain. Placing the tablet on top of the tongue, at the back of the throat, or in the space between the cheek and the gum will not allow for the same rapid absorption and may lead to ineffective treatment of chest pain.

Question 10

The nurse is administering parenteral drugs.Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs?&#10;A) Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect.&#10;B) Absorption of parenteral drugs is affected by reduced blood flow to the stomach.&#10;C) Absorption of parenteral drugs is faster when the stomach is empty.&#10;D) Parenteral drugs exert their effects while circulating in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect, which refers to the initial metabolism of drugs by the liver before they enter the systemic circulation. This allows for a higher bioavailability and quicker onset of action compared to oral drugs.

Question 11

The nurse will be injecting a drug into the fatty tissue of the patient's abdomen.Which route does this describe?&#10;A) Intradermal&#10;B) Subcutaneous&#10;C) Intramuscular&#10;D) Transdermal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse will be injecting a drug...

Question 12

The patient is receiving two different drugs.At current dosages and dosage forms,both drugs are absorbed into the circulation in identical amounts.Which term is used to identify this principle?&#10;A) Bioequivalent&#10;B) Synergistic&#10;C) Prodrugs&#10;D) Steady state

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patient is receiving two different drugs.At...

Question 13

The nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses.Which sentence defines a drug's half-life?&#10;A) The time it takes for the drug to cause half of its therapeutic response&#10;B) The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to reach the target cells&#10;C) The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body&#10;D) The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be absorbed into the circulation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for...

Question 14

When reviewing the mechanism of action of a specific drug,the nurse reads that the drug works by selective enzyme interaction.Which of these processes describes selective enzyme interaction?&#10;A) The drug alters cell membrane permeability.&#10;B) The drug's effectiveness within the cell walls of the target tissue is enhanced.&#10;C) The drug is attracted to a receptor on the cell wall,preventing an enzyme from binding to that receptor.&#10;D) The drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits or enhances the enzyme's action with the normal target cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When reviewing the mechanism of action of...

Deck 2: Pharmacologic Principles