Question 1

Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are synthesized by neurons originating in the:&#10;A)anterior pituitary.&#10;B)intermediate lobe of the pituitary.&#10;C)hypothalamus.&#10;D)thalamus.&#10;E)cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are synthesized by neurons originating in the hypothalamus.

Question 2

All of the following hormones are released from the anterior pituitary EXCEPT:&#10;A)growth hormone.&#10;B)luteinizing hormone.&#10;C)follicle stimulating hormone.&#10;D)antidiuretic hormone.&#10;E)prolactin.

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is not released from the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary.

Question 3

Steroid hormones share a common chemical framework that is derived from:&#10;A)proteins such as insulin.&#10;B)insulinlike growth factor.&#10;C)carbohydrates such as glucose.&#10;D)glycogen.&#10;E)lipids such as cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones share a common chemical framework derived from lipids such as cholesterol. This framework includes a four-ring structure with various functional groups attached, including hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.

Question 4

Increased release of a specific hormone ultimately serves to inhibit its own release,thus preventing the amount of the hormone released from becoming excessive.The self-control of hormonal release that occurs commonly in the endocrine system is an example of:

A)autoregulation.
B)positive feedback.
C)negative feedback.
D)modulation of positive outcomes.
E)modulation of negative outcomes.

Accepted Answer

As mentioned in the description, the inhibition of release of a hormone due to its own increased release is an example of negative feedback, where the output of a system inhibits its own production or release.

Question 5

A toxin that selectively destroys the alpha cells of the pancreas would impair the production of:&#10;A)insulin.&#10;B)glucagon.&#10;C)somatostatin.&#10;D)digestive proteases.&#10;E)digestive lipases.

Accepted Answer

Alpha cells in the pancreas are responsible for the production of glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels. Therefore, if alpha cells were selectively destroyed, glucagon production would be impaired, but insulin production (by beta cells) and somatostatin production (by delta cells) would remain unaffected. Digestive proteases and lipases are produced by the exocrine pancreas, which is separate from the endocrine pancreas that produces hormones such as glucagon and insulin.

Question 6

Anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids)produced by the adrenal cortex are under the control of ____ from the hypothalamus,which stimulates ______release from the anterior pituitary.&#10;A)corticotropin-releasing hormone;adrenocorticotropic-hormone&#10;B)adrenocorticotropic hormone;corticotropin-hormone&#10;C)follicle stimulating hormone;luteinizing-hormone&#10;D)luteinizing hormone;follicle-stimulating-hormone&#10;E)thyrotropin-releasing hormone;growth-hormone

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary, which in turn stimulates the production and release of glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory steroids) from the adrenal cortex. Therefore, A is the best choice as it accurately describes the pathway of glucocorticoid production.

Deck 28: Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology