Deck 2: Human Nature

Question 1

Plotinus was influenced by

A) Aquinas
B) Augustine
C) Plato
D) Plutarch

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The philosopher who believed that who you are depends on your relationships to others is:

A) Hegel
B) Plato
C) Taylor
D) Sartre

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Schlick claimed that humans were both self-interested and material bodies.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Aristotle claimed that barbarians could be enslaved by Greeks.

Question 5

Hobbes believed that humans were altruistic.

Question 6

J.J.

A) Identify theory
B) Coextension theory
C) Smart endorsed what theory of human nature?
C) The Traditional View
D) The Existential View

Question 7

What, for Plato, was an eternal and perfect ideal that existed in an unchanging heaven?

A) Forms
B) Souls
C) Reason
D) Spirit

Question 8

Moritz Schlick argued for

A) Ethical egoism
B) Psychological egoism
C) Ethical consequentialism
D) Psychological consequentialism

Question 9

Freud wrote Civilization and Its Discontents.

Question 10

Who wrote Being and Nothingness?

A) Sartre
B) Heidegger
C) Nietzsche
D) Darwin

Question 11

Aristotle held that all living things have a purpose.

Question 12

By "soul" Plato meant "inner self".

Question 13

Who proposed the idea of natural selection?

A) Charles Darwin
B) Charles Taylor
C) Plotinus
D) Plato

Question 14

Existentialism emphasizes the free and conscious individual.

Question 15

The self is the ego.

Question 16

The view that "all humans have a rational spiritual self that is distinct from its body" is the

A) Buddhist view
B) Rational View
C) Traditional View
D) Hindu View

Question 17

Augustine did not believe that humans have wills.

Question 18

The view that humans are whatever they make themselves is termed

A) Darwinism
B) Buddhism
C) Existentialism
D) Platonism

Question 19

Who said that men possess "a powerful measure of desire for aggressiveness"?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Socrates
C) Plato
D) Jeremy Bentham

Question 20

In behaviorism, our consciousness seems to have disappeared.

Question 21

What is "psychological egoism"? Do you find it a compelling view of human nature? Why, or why not?

Question 22

Siddhartha Gautama was the founder of ____________________.

Question 23

Do you agree with the existentialists that humans are what they make of themselves? Why, or why not? What might the practical consequences of accepting the existentialist view be for (a) your own life, (b) social policy? Explain your answer.

Question 24

According to Plato, humans can control their appetites and aggressive impulses through the use of their ____________________.

Question 25

One version of ____________________ is the identity theory of the mind.

Question 26

____________________ is the view that we should explain mental states in terms of perceptual inputs and behavioral outputs.

Question 27

Descrates' view of human nature says that humans are ____________________ minds with ____________________ bodies.

Question 28

Behaviorism began as a school of ____________________ that restricted the study of humans to what could be observed.

Question 29

Do you believe that there is a "you" to whom this question is addressed? Explain your answer.

Question 30

____________________ argued that a person's culture is the mirror through which society shows her who and what she is.

Question 31

If we are genetically inclined to be selfish, does this justify our selfishness or merely explain it? Explain your answer.

Question 32

Do you think that humans have a different moral status than other animals? Why? If your view is that they have certain properties that other animals lack, do all humans have these properties? If not, do those that lack them lack the moral status that you ascribe to humans? If your view is that humans matter morally because they are human¾why does being human count for so much?

Question 33

Over thousands of years the process of ____________________ ____________________ can make a species change into a new species.

Question 34

____________________ is the view that humans are made up of two substances.

Question 35

The view that processes such as thought and life are really nothing more than physical and chemical processes is called ____________________.