Deck 22: Skin Infections

Question 1

The preferred habitat of S. aureus is the

A)throat.
B)urethra.
C)bladder.
D)nasal chamber.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A protein associated with a more virulent form of Staphylococcus is

A)leukocidin.
B)mannose.
C)streptokinase.
D)coagulase.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The surface layer of the skin is the

A)cutaneous.
B)keratin.
C)dermis.
D)epidermis.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which is deemed the most serious staphylococcal skin infection?

A)tinea versicolor
B)folliculitis
C)furuncles
D)carbuncles

Question 5

The antimicrobial aspect(s) of the skin is/are

A)dryness.
B)saltiness.
C)acidity.
D)toxicity.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

The principal species of Staphylococcus found on the skin is

A)aureus.
B)acnes.
C)pyogenes.
D)epidermidis.

Question 7

Which of the following organisms is not normally found on the skin?

A)staphylococci
B)diptheroids
C)Candida spp.
D)Malassezia spp.

Question 8

The oily secretion that lubricates the hair follicles of the skin is

A)sebum.
B)eczema.
C)suder.
D)acne.

Question 9

The member of the normal flora sometimes considered responsible for tinea versicolor is

A)staphylococci.
B)diptheroids.
C)Candida spp.
D)Malassezia spp.

Question 10

Which of the following is considered an important function of the skin?

A)hold muscle to bone
B)manufacture blood cells
C)produce antibodies
D)control body temperature

Question 11

Which of the following may be added to normal media to make it more selective for staphylococci?

A)7.5% salt
B)0.5% HCl
C)1.0% glucose
D)5.0% mannose

Question 12

The growth of P. acnes within hair follicles, in many individuals, leads to

A)eczema.
B)carbuncles.
C)boils.
D)acne.

Question 13

The secretions of the sweat and sebaceous glands provide ________ to the microbiota.

A)water
B)amino acids
C)lipids
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Diphtheroids

A)are part of the normal flora of the skin.
B)are responsible for body odor.
C)include P.acnes.
D)include Malassezia spp.
E)are part of the normal flora of the skin, are responsible for body odor AND include P.acnes.

Question 15

The Rickettsial disease that killed Howard Ricketts and Stanislaus Prowazek was

A)louse-borne typhus.
B)tick-borne typhus.
C)yellow fever.
D)bubonic plague.

Question 16

Which of the following is a fairly reliable method of characterizing strains of S. aureus?

A)complement fixation
B)protein fingerprint
C)genome typing
D)LPS pattern

Question 17

The bacteria that appear to maintain balance between the members of the normal flora and play a vital role in limiting colonization by pathogens are

A)staphylococci.
B)diptheroids.
C)Candida spp.
D)Malassezia spp.

Question 18

Which of the following normal skin flora is a small yeast?

A)staphylococci
B)diphtheroids
C)Candida spp.
D)Malassezia spp.

Question 19

The protein produced by S. aureus that interferes with phagocytosis is
A)

A)protein M.
B)collagen.
C)protein
D)capsular protein.

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a function of the skin?

A)regulation of body temperature
B)prevention of fluid loss
C)synthesis of vitamin D
D)produces cytokines
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 21

The unique characteristic of Lyme disease is

A)erythema migrans.
B)induration.
C)carbuncle.
D)furuncle.

Question 22

In S. pyogenes, which of the following interferes with phagocytosis?

A)M protein
B)protein A
C)collagen
D)pilin

Question 23

S. aureus clumping factor

A)causes fibrinogen to clump together.
B)causes bacteria to clump together in plasma.
C)reacts with prothrombin.
D)produces staphylothrombin.

Question 24

Which of the following may aid Staphylococcus in resisting phagocytosis?

A)leukocidin
B)hemolysin
C)granulation enzyme
D)coagulase

Question 25

In addition to S. aureus, impetigo may also involve

A)M.luteus.
B)S.pyogenes.
C)S.epidermidis.
D)Pseudomonas spp.

Question 26

The most important vector of Lyme disease in the eastern U.S. is

A)Dermacentor virabilis.
B)Dermacentor andersoni.
C)Staphylococcus aureus.
D)Ixodes scapularis.

Question 27

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is an example of a(n)

A)animalosis.
B)tickonosis.
C)plantonosis.
D)zoonosis.

Question 28

After being bitten by an infected tick, transfer of the rickettsial organism occurs

A)immediately.
B)within 5 minutes.
C)within 20 minutes.
D)within 4-10 hours.

Question 29

The S. aureus product that causes scalded skin syndrome is/are

A)exfoliation toxin.
B)lipases.
C)leukocidins.
D)protein M.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

In which of the following does a rash start on the palms and soles and progress toward the trunk?

A)Epidemic typhus
B)Typhoid
C)Lyme disease
D)Impetigo
E)Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 31

The causative agent of Lyme disease is

A)Rickettsia rickettsi.
B)Rickettsia prowazeki.
C)Borrelia burgdorferi.
D)Dermacentor andersoni.

Question 32

The major vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the western U.S. is

A)Rickettsia rickettsi.
B)Rickettsia prowazeki.
C)Borrelia burgdorferi.
D)Dermacentor andersoni.

Question 33

Which of the following is an obligate intracellular parasite?

A)M.luteus
B)S.pyogenes
C)Rickettsia rickettsi
D)Pseudomonas spp.

Question 34

Approximately 90% of S. aureus strains are resistant to

A)methicillin.
B)
B)tetracyclin.
C)polymyxin
D)penicillin.

Question 35

Which is true of MRSA?

A)It stands for moxicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
B)They have R plasmids.
C)They may be sensitive to Synercid.
D)All MRSA strains remain sensitive to vancomycin.
E)They have R plasmids AND they may be sensitive to Synercid.

Question 36

The preferred host of Ixodes scapularis is the

A)wood rat.
B)white-footed mouse.
C)moose.
D)human.

Question 37

Which of the following pertains to Borrelia burgdorferi?

A)coccus
B)bacillus
C)spirochete
D)filament

Question 38

A frequent complication of scalded skin syndrome is a secondary infection caused by

A)M.luteus.
B)S.pyogenes.
C)S.epidermidis.
D)Pseudomonas spp.

Question 39

Which of the following virulence factors used by Staphylococcus puts holes in host cells?

A)protein A
B)alpha toxin
C)leukocidin
D)clumping factor

Question 40

The stage of Lyme disease that is characterized by arthritis is the

A)primary.
B)third.
C)second.
D)fourth.

Question 41

Rubella, rubeola and varicella-zoster are all only acquired via

A)the gastrointestinal route.
B)the respiratory route.
C)wounds.
D)blood transfusions.

Question 42

Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete with a number of axial filaments.

Question 43

Coagulase-positive S. aureus is often involved in disease.

Question 44

The childhood disease that damages the body defenses and is frequently complicated by secondary infections involving, primarily, Gram-positive cocci is

A)German measles.
B)measles.
C)mumps.
D)chickenpox.

Question 45

Reactivation of chickenpox is called

A)shingles.
B)herpes zoster.
C)pneumonia.
D)exanthems.
E)shingles AND herpes zoster.

Question 46

Humans are the only reservoir for varicella-zoster.

Question 47

The most serious consequence of rubella is

A)encephalitis.
B)meningitis.
C)deafness.
D)birth defects.

Question 48

Complications of measles may include pneumonia and encephalitis.

Question 49

The varicella virus is a member of which virus family?

A)paramyxo
B)toga
C)papilloma
D)herpes

Question 50

An important diagnostic sign of measles is

A)Koplik's spots.
B)giant cells.
C)fever.
D)swollen lymph nodes.

Question 51

Warts are caused by

A)papillomavirus.
B)parvovirus.
C)papovavirus.
D)herpes virus.

Question 52

The MMR vaccine is used to protect against

A)mononucleosis, mange, rubeola.
B)measles, mange, rubeola.
C)mononucleosis, mumps, rubella.
D)measles, mumps, rubella.

Question 53

Rubella is a member of which virus family?

A)paramyxo virus
B)herpes
C)togavirus
D)papovavirus

Question 54

Many childhood diseases caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract can usually be diagnosed by

A)inspection of the rash.
B)the type of cough.
C)the type of fever.
D)the incubation period.

Question 55

Diphtheroids are responsible for body odor.

Question 56

A common viral rash of childhood with the popular name chicken pox is also known as

A)bariola.
B)rubella.
C)rubeola.
D)varicella.

Question 57

The skin-invading molds belong to the genera

A)Epidermophyton.
B)Microsporum.
C)Trichophyton.
D)Ixodes.
E)Epidermophyton, Microsporum AND Trichophyton.

Question 58

Varicella is a member of the herpes family of viruses and produces a latent infection.

Question 59

The growth stage of the vector that is mainly responsible for transmitting Lyme disease is the

A)nymph stage.
B)egg.
C)moulter.
D)adult.

Question 60

The rubeola virus contains

A)double-stranded RNA.
B)single-stranded DNA.
C)multiple pieces of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA.
D)single-stranded RNA.

Question 61

Chickenpox and measles are both acquired by the respiratory route.

Question 62

Diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses.

Question 63

The existence of extensive scalded skin syndrome does not indicate that Staphylococcus is growing in all the affected areas. Why not?

A)This condition is caused by an exotoxin produced by certain strains of this microbe, and NOT directly by the microbe itself.
B)This condition is caused by an endotoxin produced by certain strains of this microbe, and NOT directly by the microbe itself.
C)This condition isn't caused by Staphylococcus at all.
D)This microbe doesn't grow in the skin-but the toxins it releases are transported by the blood vessels into the skin, where it achieves the observed effect.

Question 64

A public health official was asked to speak about immunizations during a civic group luncheon. One parent asked if rubella was still a problem. In answering the question, the official cautioned women planning to have another child to have their present children immunized against rubella. Why did the official make this statement to the group?

A)Rubella is spread very easily by respiratory secretions and is largely asymptomatic.However, it can cause birth defects/stillbirth in pregnant women.Women with other children would want to prevent these children from acquiring the virus before attempting to conceive a new child in order to protect the fetus.
B)Rubella is passed very easily between children, so the official was trying to protect the child that would soon be born from this infection that might be brought in by its siblings after it was born.
C)The official is getting kickbacks and bribes from the companies making the vaccines, and he's trying to pad his pockets by getting as many people immunized as possible, regardless of whether they need it or not.
D)Rubella infections often lead to very serious and potentially fatal complications.While a woman is pregnant, she may not be able to take care of a sick child as easily.The vaccine will prevent the child already in the family from falling ill and potentially dying due to these possible complications.

Question 65

Would a person living in the tropics or in the desert have larger numbers of bacteria living on the surface of their skin, and why?

A)The tropics would provide more shade, so the surface of the skin wouldn't be exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation.This would protect the bacteria on the skin, and they would have higher numbers due to this shading effect.
B)The very low humidity of the desert would lead to rapid evaporation of sweat and sebum from an individual's skin.Bacteria need these secretions for a nutrient source.Without them, bacteria would be found in much lower numbers on the skin of a person in the desert than the skin of the person in the tropics.
C)The constant secretion (and lack of evaporation) of high amounts of sweat would produce a highly salty environment on the skin of a person in the tropics.This would provide a local environment that would be too hostile for microbes to survive, so the number of microbes on the skin of the person in the tropics would be lower than that of the person in the desert.
D)The constant secretion of large amounts of sweat would wash bacteria off of the skin of the person in the tropics.As such, the person in the desert should have much more bacteria on their skin than the person in the tropics would.

Question 66

Why is it a good idea to immunize little boys against rubella?

A)As this is a sexually-transmitted disease, vaccinating girls AND boys early in their lives prevents the spread of the disease in adulthood.
B)We want to achieve herd immunity, and there's no reason why only girls would be infected by this virus.By vaccinating the entire population, we achieve a higher degree of herd immunity than is possible by vaccinating only girls.
C)Only boys get this disease, and one of the common complications is sterility.
D)While this disease is quite strikingly symptomatic in girls, it is completely asymptomatic in boys.Boys can be carriers and transmit it easily to girls they are in close proximity to without realizing it through respiratory secretions.This can lead to large-scale and dangerous outbreaks in the female population.

Question 67

The skin-invading molds are collectively called dermatophytes.

Question 68

The MMR vaccine is used to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Question 69

When Lyme disease was first being investigated, the observation that frequently only 1 person in a household was infected was a clue leading to the discovery that the disease was spread by arthropod bites. Why was this so?

A)Mosquitoes (an example of arthropods) are never inside a house.They are strictly outdoor animals, so they couldn't spread the infection inside the household.
B)Mosquitoes (an example of arthropods) only bite once in their life cycle.As such, they can only transmit the illness once before they die.Even if an infected mosquito was inside a house, it could therefore only infect one human.
C)If the infection is spread by the bite of an arthropod, it wouldn't spread easily by respiratory secretions, direct contact, or sexual contact between individuals within the family.
D)Arthropods lose their mechanical ability to bite a human after a single bite, much like certain bees that lose their stinger after a single sting.This prevents them from transmitting the infection to more than one individual in a household.

Question 70

What is the epidemiological significance of shingles?

A)It shows that, as a latent viral infection, there is always a possible reservoir available to reinfect new susceptible individuals.
B)It shows that we must always be vigilant against this deadly and highly infectious secondary infection in elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
C)It shows that, as a chronic viral infection, individuals infected are always infectious to others around them, even when they do not show outward symptoms.
D)It shows that our fight for long-term eradication of varicella zoster virus will be a very long fight, depending on immunizing all newly-born individuals until all the people that had ever contracted the illness have died.
E)It shows that, as a latent viral infection, there is always a possible reservoir available to reinfect new susceptible individuals AND it shows that our fight for long-term eradication of varicella zoster virus will be a very long fight, depending on immunizing all newly-born individuals until all the people that had ever contracted the illness have died.