Question 1

The theory of motivation that is based on the perceived fairness of transactional relationships between individuals and organizations is:&#10;A) Equality theory&#10;B) Equity theory&#10;C) Egalitarian theory&#10;D) Balance theory

Accepted Answer

Equity theory proposes that individuals are motivated by the perceived fairness of their transactional relationships with organizations or others. This theory posits that individuals strive to achieve a balance between the effort they exert and the rewards they receive in comparison to others in similar transactional relationships. Therefore, choice letter B is the correct answer.

Question 2

__________ theories of motivation focus on avoiding pain and maximizing pleasure; __________ theories of motivation focus on humans reaching their full potential.&#10;A) Hedonic; organismic&#10;B) Pleasure; practical&#10;C) Edontic; actualization&#10;D) Avoidance; approach

Accepted Answer

Hedonic theories of motivation focus on seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, while organismic theories focus on reaching one's full potential as a human being. The other answer choices are not accurate descriptions of theories of motivation.

Question 3

Motivation is best described in terms of a person's:&#10;A) Needs&#10;B) Cognitive processes&#10;C) Behaviors&#10;D) All of the above can be useful in describing a person's motivation.

Accepted Answer

Motivation can be influenced by a person's needs, cognitive processes, and behaviors. Needs refer to the things a person requires or desires, which can drive them to pursue certain goals or activities. Cognitive processes such as beliefs, perceptions, and expectations can also impact a person's motivation. Finally, behaviors such as goal-setting, effort, and persistence can indicate a person's level of motivation. Therefore, all of these factors can be important in describing a person's motivation.

Question 4

Which of the following theories of motivation views motivation as an ongoing process of monitoring, comparison with a standard, and adjustments to ensure progress is being made?&#10;A) Social cognitive theory&#10;B) Control theory&#10;C) Discrepancy theory&#10;D) Equity theory

Accepted Answer

Control theory views motivation as an ongoing process of monitoring one's progress toward a goal or standard, comparing progress with that standard, and taking any necessary actions to adjust or realign behavior to ensure progress is being made. This theory emphasizes the importance of feedback loops and self-regulation in motivation.

Question 5

Within expectancy theory, a person's belief that his or her performance will lead to a particular outcome is known as:&#10;A) Expectancy&#10;B) Valence&#10;C) Instrumentality&#10;D) Belief

Accepted Answer

Instrumentality is the belief within expectancy theory that if one performs well, then a valued outcome will follow.

Deck 9: Theories of Motivation