Deck 22: Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Question 1

Hyperresponsiveness of airway mast cells to inhaled antigens occurs with extrinsic asthma.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Chronic bronchitis occurs most commonly in association with long-term cigarette smoking.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Copious, foul-smelling respiratory secretions are generally associated with

A) emphysema.
B) pneumoconiosis.
C) pulmonary edema.
D) bronchiectasis.

Answer 3

bronchiectasis.

Question 4

After evaluation, a child's asthma is characterized as "extrinsic." This means that the asthma is

A) due to unknown causes.
B) associated with specific allergic triggers.
C) idiopathic.
D) stress induced.

Question 5

Obstructive lung disorders are characterized by decreased lung compliance.

Question 6

The major reason for air trapping in emphysema is

A) bronchoconstriction.
B) bronchial edema.
C) loss of radial traction.
D) excessive mucus secretion.

Question 7

Widespread pulmonary hypoxemia increases right ventricular workload and may lead to cor pulmonale.

Question 8

Chronic bronchitis is defined as a chronic productive cough for at least 6 months for three or more consecutive years.

Question 9

Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is due to

A) release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells.
B) air trapping with resultant excessive alveolar pressure.
C) excessive $\alpha$ ₁-antitrypsin.
D) autoantibodies against pulmonary basement membrane.

Question 10

Asthma is caused by airway inflammation.

Question 11

Extrinsic/allergic asthma is associated with

A) decreased functional residual capacity.
B) unknown precipitating factors.
C) IgE-mediated airway inflammation.
D) irreversible airway obstruction.

Question 12

Early emphysema is characterized by a chronic productive cough and increased PaCO₂.

Question 13

Asthma is categorized as

A) a restrictive pulmonary disorder.
B) an infective pulmonary disorder.
C) a reversible obstructive pulmonary disorder.
D) pneumoconiosis.

Question 14

Emphysema decreases the surface area available for gas exchange.

Question 15

Patients with chronic bronchitis usually maintain a normal PaO₂ and PaCO₂ until late in the course of the disease.

Question 16

Patients with emphysema should not be given supplemental oxygen.

Question 17

Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of

A) ventricular hypoxia.
B) increased pulmonary vascular resistance.
C) left ventricular strain.
D) hypervolemia.

Question 18

Obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by

A) hyperinflation.
B) tachypnea.
C) decreased residual volumes.
D) decreased lung compliance.

Question 19

A child's physician prescribes a bronchodilating agent for her. Which of the following drugs would be in this category?

A) . $\alpha$ ₁-Adrenergic agonist
B) . $\beta$ ₂-Adrenergic antagonist
C) Parasympathomimetic
D) . $\beta$ ₂-Adrenergic agonist

Question 20

To further evaluate the diagnosis of asthma, a child has pulmonary function tests. Which test result is consistent with a diagnosis of asthma?

A) Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)
B) Decreased functional residual capacity
C) Increased FEV₁
D) Reduced total lung volume

Question 21

Cystic fibrosis is

A) a restrictive disorder characterized by proteolytic destruction of alveoli.
B) an allergic disorder triggered by specific antigens.
C) caused by chronic exposure to second-hand smoke.
D) an autosomal recessive disorder affecting exocrine glands.

Question 22

Obstructive disorders are associated with which pulmonary function test result?

A) Low residual volumes
B) Low expiratory flow rates
C) Increased expiratory reserve volume
D) Decreased total lung capacity

Question 23

A child is taken to the emergency department with severe dyspnea. A blood gas reveals the following values: pH = 7.45; PaCO₂ = 35; HCO₃^- = 23; PaO₂ = 63; SaO₂ = 90%. What is the most appropriate initial therapy?

A) Administer sodium bicarbonate.
B) Have the child rebreathe into a paper bag.
C) Administer oxygen.
D) Do nothing.

Question 24

Croup is characterized by

A) a loud productive cough.
B) a barking cough.
C) an inability to cough.
D) drooling, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing.

Question 25

All of the following changes occur during an acute asthma episode except

A) bronchoconstriction.
B) bronchial mucosal edema.
C) hypersecretion of mucus.
D) alveolar collapse.