Deck 40: Disorders of Endocrine Function

Question 1

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

A) a decrease in serum osmolality.
B) dehydration.
C) hypervolemia.
D) hyponatremia.

Answer 1

dehydration.

Question 2

Adrenocortical hormones are all derived from the common precursor molecule

A) progesterone.
B) corticoglobulin.
C) ACTH.
D) cholesterol.

Answer 2

cholesterol.

Question 3

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

A) hypokalemia.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) hypertension.
D) moon face.

Answer 3

hypoglycemia.

Question 4

The formation of active vitamin D

A) occurs in the skin.
B) depends on hydroxylation in the kidney.
C) is dependent on oral intake of vitamin D.
D) is necessary for normal potassium metabolism.

Question 5

Graves disease is

A) a secondary endocrine disorder.
B) associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
C) characterized by high serum TSH levels.
D) untreatable.

Question 6

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

A) hypothyroidism.
B) hyperthermia.
C) acute cortisol insufficiency.
D) pheochromocytoma.

Question 7

Synthesis of thyroid hormones

A) is increased by thyrotropin-inhibiting factor.
B) occurs in perifollicular C cells.
C) is stimulated by ACTH.
D) is inhibited by iodine deficiency.

Question 8

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is

A) hypovolemia.
B) hyponatremia.
C) increased osmolality.
D) dehydration.

Question 9

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism because it

A) destroys thyroid gland cells.
B) inhibits the release of TSH.
C) suppresses production of autoantibodies.
D) inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.

Question 10

Growth hormone excess in adults

A) results in the condition of acromegaly.
B) leads to abnormally tall stature.
C) is associated with hypoglycemia.
D) is usually asymptomatic.

Question 11

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

A) are similar to those occurring with hypermagnesemia.
B) result from decreased neuromuscular excitability.
C) are similar to those occurring with hypokalemia.
D) result from decreased serum ionized calcium.

Question 12

A patient with primary adrenal insufficiency would have a high serum ACTH.

Question 13

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include

A) tremor.
B) cold intolerance.
C) lethargy.
D) weight gain.

Question 14

In comparison to triiodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄)

A) has greater biological activity.
B) is more abundant in the circulation.
C) has a shorter half-life.
D) binds to nuclear receptors with greater affinity.

Question 15

The finding of exophthalmos is indicative of Graves disease.

Question 16

Diabetes insipidus is a condition

A) resulting from inadequate ADH secretion.
B) characterized by oliguria.
C) associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction.
D) characterized by glycosuria.

Question 17

Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency is characterized by hyperpigmentation due to excessive secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormones.

Question 18

Hypoglycemia is a potent stimulus for growth hormone secretion.

Question 19

Long-term administration of glucocorticoids leads to adrenocortical atrophy.

Question 20

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney.
B) potassium secretion in the distal tubule of the kidney.
C) water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
D) urinary output.

Question 21

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is

A) hyperpigmentation.
B) hypotension.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) hyperkalemia.

Question 22

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of aldosterone deficiency is

A) hypernatremia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hypokalemia.
D) hypoglycemia.

Question 23

Match the following disorders with the clinical findings below.
Slow mentation

A)Addison disease
B)Acromegaly
C)Aldosteronism
D)Myxedema

Question 24

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from

A) cortisol excess.
B) testosterone-secreting tumor.
C) exogenous androgens.
D) blocked cortisol production.

Question 25

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?

A) More prone to hyperglycemia
B) Decreased sensitivity to anesthesia
C) More susceptible to hypertensive crisis
D) More prone to hypotension

Question 26

Match the following disorders with the clinical findings below.
Hyperglycemia

A)Addison disease
B)Acromegaly
C)Aldosteronism
D)Myxedema

Question 27

Match the following disorders with the clinical findings below.
Hypotension

A)Addison disease
B)Acromegaly
C)Aldosteronism
D)Myxedema

Question 28

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?

A) No change in serum glucocorticoid level
B) An increase in serum glucocorticoid level
C) A decrease in serum glucose level
D) An increase in serum ACTH level

Question 29

Match the following disorders with the clinical findings below.
Hypertension

A)Addison disease
B)Acromegaly
C)Aldosteronism
D)Myxedema