Deck 28: Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Draw and label the four DNA nucleosides.

Answer 1

Question 2

Draw and label an A-U base pair.Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

Answer 2

Question 3

Of the two sets of DNA base pairs,which would you expect to be stronger and why?

Answer 3

The G-C base pair is the stronger of the two as it has three hydrogen bonds whereas the A-T base pair has only two.

Question 4

_____ uridine

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M)AGATCGCTC

Question 5

_____ 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M)AGATCGCTC

Question 6

Describe,in general terms,the steps involved in the automated synthesis of the DNA sequence GCT.

Question 7

Draw and label an A-T base pair.Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

Question 8

_____ a pyrimidine nucleoside

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M) AGATCGCTC

Question 9

Draw and label the four RNA nucleosides.

Question 10

_____ DNA sequencing method for the human genome

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M)AGATCGCTC

Question 11

_____ RNA base sequence complementary to the DNA base sequence which codes for Leu−Ala−Phe:
CTAGCATTT

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M)AGATCGCTC

Question 12

_____ process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M)AGATCGCTC

Question 13

While the Watson-Crick G-C and A-T base pairs are the most common,other non-standard base pairs are encountered.Draw and label a G-U base pair.Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

Question 14

_____ a purine nucleoside

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M) AGATCGCTC

Question 15

What is the primary structural difference between RNA nucleotides and DNA nucleotides?

Question 16

_____ RNA base sequence with guanine at the 3' end.

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L) M) AGATCGCTC

Question 17

The process invented in 1986 which allows multiple copies of a given DNA sequence to be produced is:

A)the polymerase chain reaction.
B)the Sanger dideoxy method.
C)the Maxam-Gilbert method.
D)the restriction endonuclease reaction.

Question 18

_____ DNA base sequence with cytosine at the 3' end.

A)Sanger dideoxy method
B)GAUCGUAAA
C)Watson-Crick
D)translation
E)
F)
G)transcription
H)Maxam-Gilbert method
I)AUGGCUGAG
J)replication
K)
L)
M) AGATCGCTC

Question 19

Because of the structure of the RNA sugar-phosphate backbone,RNA is subject to base-promoted hydrolysis,as shown below.Suggest a mechanism for base-promoted RNA hydrolysis.

Question 20

Draw and label a G-C base pair.Indicate all hydrogen bonds with a dashed line.

Question 21

1) Label the anticodon
2) Label the position of attachment of the amino acid
3) Draw the structure of the amino acid that would be attached
4) Indicate the corresponding mRNA codon

Question 22

When DNA is replicated,the new chain is synthesized in what direction?

Question 23

During DNA synthesis,the free amino group does not need to be protected for which base?

A)Adenine
B)Guanine
C)Thymine
D)Cytosine

Question 24

Give a one sentence definition of translation.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the addition of aqueous ammonia during the synthesis of DNA?

A)Cleavage of the ester bond to the silica support
B)Removal of the groups protecting the free amino group of the bases
C)Removal of the protecting group of the 5' -OH of the sugar
D)Ammonia accomplishes all of the above.

Question 26

In the diagram below,fill in the terms in the appropriate places indicated by a letter.

A)A - replication,B - transcription,C - translation
B)A - replication,B - translation,C - transcription
C)A - transcription,B - replication,C - translation
D)A - translation,B - transcription,C - replication

Question 27

During DNA synthesis,how is the 5' -OH of deoxyribose protected?

A)With a p-dimethoxytrityl group
B)With a benzoyl group
C)With an isobutryl group
D)With a β-cyanoethyl group
E)This group does not need to be protected.

Question 28

Consider the following diagram. What amino acid corresponds to the second codon from the left?

A)Tyrosine
B)Asparagine
C)Isoleucine
D)None,the mRNA codon is a stop signal

Question 29

Consider the following diagram. Which letter should be filled in on the bottom line?

A)GCU
B)UCG
C)GCT
D)TGC

Question 30

Give a one sentence definition of replication.

Question 31

Give a one sentence definition of transcription.

Question 32

Consider the following diagram. ​ ​
What DNA sequence (5' to 3') would correspond to the third codon?

A)GCU
B)TCG
C)UGC
D)GCT

Question 33

Consider DNA sequencing experiments using 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates.Which of the following is not correct?

A)2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are added to the replicating strand by DNA polymerase.
B)There are four types of 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates used.
C)The sequence of 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in the replicated DNA yields the DNA structure.
D)DNA replication ceases when a 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates is added to the replicating strand.

Question 34

Give the single letter amino acid sequence that is coded for by the following segment of DNA coding strand (sense strand)?
(5') GCA-TTT-CTA-ACT-TGA-GGG (3')

Question 35

Consider the following molecular model.Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. Which of the following is a characteristic of this compound?

A)Found in DNA
B)Found in both DNA and RNA
C)Pyrimidine base
D)Pairs with thymine

Question 36

Identify any errors in the figure shown below.

Question 37

Consider the DNA polymerase chain reaction.After 5 cycles have been completed,how many copies of the original DNA are present?

A)10
B)32
C)64
D)128

Question 38

In determining DNA sequencing using the Sanger dideoxy method,how many colors will appear in the resulting data display?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 39

On the diagram of DNA, identify:
1) major groove
2) minor groove
3) position of the sugar-phosphate backbone
4) site of possible intercalation

Question 40

Consider the following molecular model.Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are labeled. Which of the following is a characteristic of this structure?

A)Nucleoside
B)Contains ribose
C)Contains a purine base
D)Found only in DNA

Question 41

Using the PCR method for synthesizing DNA,why don't the two DNA strands recombine during the cooling phase?

A)The temperature used
B)The concentration of the primers
C)Presence of Mg²⁺
D)Presence of Taq polymerase

Question 42

Which of the following statement correctly describes DNA replication?

A)Replication occurs in the direction.
B)Ligases link the Okazaki fragments to form the lagging strand.
C)The leading strand is replicated discontinuously.
D)One strand is replicated while the other strand is replicated
.

Question 43

When the β-cyanoethyl group is removed during DNA synthesis,H₂CCHCN is produced as a product.This reaction is likely to be:

A)E1
B)E2
C)E1cB
D)S_N1
E)S_N2

Question 44

Which of the following summarizes the steps in DNA synthesis using the PCR method?

A)Anneal-denature-synthesize
B)Synthesize-denature-anneal
C)Denature-anneal-synthesize
D)Denature-synthesize-anneal