Question 1

MCSA A client in emergency department is being treated for hypovolemic shock after an MVA. It is estimated that he has lost 20% of his blood volume. What does the nurse identify as the most likely treatment?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The most effective treatment for hypovolemic shock is a combination of colloid and crystalloids, which will help restore blood volume and improve tissue perfusion. Blood products may also be necessary in severe cases, but should not be the only treatment given. Monitoring infusions of vasoconstrictors and beta adrenergic agonists may be necessary, but these interventions do not replace the need for volume expansion with fluids.

Question 2

MCSA A client is seen in the emergency room with burns to over 50% of her body. She is in hypovolemic shock. Which of the following fluid replacements would be provided for replacing electrolytes lost?

Accepted Answer

Ringers Lactate is a balanced crystalloid solution containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which makes it an appropriate choice for fluid replacement in a patient with burn injuries who is in hypovolemic shock. It helps to replace electrolytes and maintain acid-base balance. Albumin, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate are not appropriate choices for this scenario as they do not provide balanced electrolyte replacement.

Question 3

MCMA A student is preparing to give a unit of albumin to a client who is hypovolemic. Her instructor asks her to tell her how the albumin exerts its effect. What is the best answer from the student?

Accepted Answer

Albumin is a plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of the blood. When administered to a hypovolemic client, it increases the osmotic pressure of the blood and draws fluid from the tissues back into circulation. This helps to restore blood volume and improve perfusion to vital organs. Option B is incorrect because albumin does not directly act on alpha-adrenergic receptors to raise blood pressure. Option C is incorrect because while albumin may improve myocardial contractility and blood flow by increasing perfusion pressures indirectly, its primary mechanism of action is through its effect on osmotic pressure. Option D is incorrect because albumin does not increase urine output; in fact, it may have the opposite effect by expanding blood volume and reducing fluid loss through the kidneys.

Question 4

MCMA Norepinephrine (Levophed), due to its vasoconstrictive effect is considered a drug of choice for treating which of the following clients?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is often used in septic shock to increase blood pressure through vasoconstriction. It is not typically used in hypovolemic shock (A, D) or burn patients (C) as fluid resuscitation is the primary treatment in these cases.

Question 5

Nursing students have completed their pharmacology class on hematopoietic disorders. A question on the final exam asks students to identify which classification used to treat hematopoietic disorder acts by stimulating production of red blood cells. What is the best response of the student?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

Question 6

MCMA The ICU nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with septic shock that is being transferred from a med-surg unit. When she receives report, she was informed that the physicians intend to start the client on norepinephrine. What medications listed on her MAR would the nurse report to the ICU physician?

Accepted Answer

The answer of MCMA The ICU nurse is planning care...

Question 7

MCSA A client on a surgical unit is receiving his sixth dose of Piperacillin Tazobactam to treat an abdominal wound infection. The nurse administers the IV drug and notes that the client is pale, his skin is cool and clammy, and his BP is 76/56. The physicians are considering a diagnosis of shock. Which of the following is the type of shock this client is experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Septic shock is a type of shock that is caused by a bacterial infection. It is characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The client in this case is experiencing hypotension, which is a sign of septic shock.

Question 8

MCMA A client has a long history of heart failure and is being treated in the med-surg unit. Which of the following signs might indicate that he is experiencing cardiogenic shock?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Mottled cool extremities, oliguria, and confusion are all potential signs of cardiogenic shock in a client with a history of heart failure. The presence of petechiae over the chest wall and Cheyne-stokes respirations are not specifically associated with cardiogenic shock.

Question 9

MCSA Student nurses have completed their class on the pharmacotherapy of shock. An after class quiz asks the students to identify the use of colloids in the treatment of shock. What is the most accurate response of the student?

Accepted Answer

Colloids are a type of fluid replacement therapy that act by drawing water into the blood from surrounding cells, increasing blood volume. This can help to improve perfusion to vital organs and potentially improve blood pressure in cases of shock. They do not cause vasoconstriction or promote urine output, and are not used to replace clotting factors.

Question 10

MCSA A nurse is monitoring a client in the ICU who is receiving colloids for septic shock. Over the last hour she notes the client's oxygen saturation is decreased and the client has crackles to the posterior bases of the lungs. What adverse effect of colloid is the client most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

The decreased oxygen saturation and crackles to the posterior bases of the lungs are indicative of fluid volume overload, which is a potential adverse effect of colloids. Colloids contain large molecules that can increase blood volume, but if too much is given too quickly, it can overwhelm the heart's ability to pump effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs and other tissues. Respiratory failure and allergic response may occur with any medication, but they are not the most likely adverse effects in this situation. Decreased oncotic pressure would not cause the symptoms described.

Quiz 11: Pharmacology of Alterations in the Cardiovascular System

MCSA A client is seen in the emergency room with burns to over 50% of her body. She is in hypovolemic shock. Which of the following fluid replacements would be provided for replacing electrolytes lost?

MCMA A student is preparing to give a unit of albumin to a client who is hypovolemic. Her instructor asks her to tell her how the albumin exerts its effect. What is the best answer from the student?

MCMA Norepinephrine (Levophed) , due to its vasoconstrictive effect is considered a drug of choice for treating which of the following clients? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Nursing students have completed their pharmacology class on hematopoietic disorders. A question on the final exam asks students to identify which classification used to treat hematopoietic disorder acts by stimulating production of red blood cells. What is the best response of the student?

MCSA Student nurses have completed their class on the pharmacotherapy of shock. An after class quiz asks the students to identify the use of colloids in the treatment of shock. What is the most accurate response of the student?

MCSA A nurse is monitoring a client in the ICU who is receiving colloids for septic shock. Over the last hour she notes the client's oxygen saturation is decreased and the client has crackles to the posterior bases of the lungs. What adverse effect of colloid is the client most likely experiencing