Question 1

The nurse is caring for an African American male recently diagnosed with hypertension. Which medications does the nurse anticipate the client will be started on? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for an African...

Question 2

A client is newly diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes. Which classes of drugs are likely to be prescribed? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is newly diagnosed with hypertension...

Question 3

The client is prescribed doxazosin (Cardura) for hypertension and asks the nurse how the medication works. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Doxazosin works by relaxing the smooth muscles of blood vessels, causing them to expand and lower blood pressure.

Question 4

The nurse is taking the initial history of a client admitted to the hospital for hypertension. The health care provider has ordered a beta-adrenergic blocker. Which statement by the client does the nurse recognize as most significant?

Accepted Answer

The client's history of asthma is significant because beta-adrenergic blockers can worsen symptoms in clients with this condition. The nurse should inform the provider of this history before administering the medication. The other statements may also be pertinent to the client's care, but are not as immediately relevant to the use of the beta-blocker.

Question 5

Which is a priority nursing intervention for a client who is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec) for antihypertensive treatment?

Accepted Answer

The priority nursing intervention for a client who is prescribed enalapril for antihypertensive treatment is to take the client's blood pressure. Enalapril is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, so monitoring blood pressure is crucial to evaluate the medication's effectiveness. Monitoring for side effects such as headaches and checking lab results for hypokalemia are still important interventions but are not the priority in this scenario. A sodium-restricted diet may be beneficial for some clients with high blood pressure but is not specifically related to the medication enalapril. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 6

A client with a history of heart disease has been diagnosed with hypertension. Which class of drugs is likely to be prescribed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client with a history of heart...

Question 7

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) work in the body to lower blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

ARBs work by blocking the AT1 receptors, which prevents angiotensin from raising blood pressure. This leads to a decrease in blood pressure as the effects of angiotensin II are blocked.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed hydralazine for the treatment of high blood pressure. Which medication should the client avoid taking because of the risk of severe hypotension?

Accepted Answer

The client should avoid taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) because they can cause severe hypotension when taken with hydralazine. The other options, beta blockers, acetaminophen, and potassium supplements, do not have a significant interaction with hydralazine.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with hypertension. The client asks what medications may be used to treat the condition. Which primary antihypertensive agents will the nurse discuss with the client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Diuretics, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and Beta-adrenergic antagonists are commonly used primary antihypertensive agents. Direct-acting vasodilators and peripheral adrenergic antagonists are not typically first-line treatments for hypertension.

Question 10

The nurse is educating a client diagnosed with hypertension. Which criteria will be used to determine medication management for this client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The criteria used to determine medication management for hypertension include the client's risk factors, comorbid medical conditions, and degree of blood pressure elevation. Age and occupational status may also be considered but are not the primary factors in medication management.

Question 11

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs prevent ACE from breaking down which substances?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, which leads to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. They do not affect the breakdown of aldosterone, renin, or the entire RAAS pathway.

Question 12

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs function in the control of blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor that can increase blood pressure. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors help to lower blood pressure.

Question 13

Which are the most common adverse effects of enalapril therapy?

Accepted Answer

The most common adverse effects of enalapril therapy are orthostatic hypotension, headache, and dizziness. Rash and constipation are rare adverse effects, while hypokalemia and productive cough can occur but are less common than the aforementioned effects. Hypertension is not an adverse effect of enalapril therapy. Hyperkalemia and urinary frequency are also rare adverse effects.

Question 14

A client is prescribed cardizem to treat hypertension and chronic stable angina. Which assessment finding is of greatest concern relative to potential adverse effects of cardizem for this client?

Accepted Answer

A heart rate of 132 beats per minute is of greatest concern as cardizem can lower heart rate and a tachycardia may indicate a potential adverse effect or inadequate response to the medication. It is important to monitor the heart rate closely and report any significant changes to the healthcare provider.

Question 15

The client begins taking enalapril (Vasotec) for hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse teach the client to expect while taking this medication?

Accepted Answer

The most common adverse effect of enalapril (Vasotec) is a persistent cough. This is thought to be due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that can cause irritation of the airways.

Question 16

The nurse completes medication education with a client prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. The nurse determines that teaching has been effective when the client makes which statement?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can increase urine output, so taking it early in the morning helps avoid disrupting sleep with frequent nighttime urination.

Question 17

Nursing students are working on a medical cardiology floor where many clients have hypertension. The clinical nurse educator has just taught them about ACE inhibitors for the management of hypertension. The nurse educator asks students to identify where angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. What is the best response of the student?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the lungs through the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which is found on the surface of the pulmonary capillaries. This conversion plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the action of ACE, thereby inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and leading to a reduction in blood pressure.

Question 18

A client with hypertension is also diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client asks why the health care provider has prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors have been shown to protect the kidneys in individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. They do this by decreasing blood pressure and reducing pressure on the kidneys.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension and no other conditions. Which medication prescription should the nurse anticipate as the first treatment option?

Accepted Answer

According to current guidelines, for patients with hypertension and no other comorbidities, a thiazide-type diuretic is recommended as the first-line therapy.

Question 20

The nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) and diltiazem (Cardizem).The nurse recognizes which finding as representing an adverse interaction of this combination of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Both digoxin and diltiazem can cause bradycardia as a side effect. When used together, their effects can be additive and result in excessive slowing of the heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client's heart rate closely and report any signs of bradycardia or other cardiac abnormalities to the healthcare provider. Peripheral edema, headache, and hypertension are not specifically associated with this drug combination.

Quiz 11: Pharmacology of Alterations in the Cardiovascular System

The nurse is caring for an African American male recently diagnosed with hypertension. Which medications does the nurse anticipate the client will be started on? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A client is newly diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes. Which classes of drugs are likely to be prescribed? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply.