Question 1

Active immunity is a response to exposure to what substance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Active immunity is a response to exposure...

Question 2

A new parent has just brought her infant son in for his first immunization. What would the nurse teach the parent about common adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

Pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site are common adverse effects of immunizations in infants. The nurse should inform the parent about these effects and advise them to use a cool compress on the affected area to minimize discomfort.

Question 3

The nurse teaches nursing students that to maintain immunity, the booster for tetanus prevention should be given to adults at what intervals?

Accepted Answer

The booster for tetanus prevention should be given to adults every 10 years to maintain immunity.

Question 4

In which client should the hepatitis B vaccine be withheld?

Accepted Answer

The hepatitis B vaccine should be withheld in a client with an active infection because the effectiveness of the vaccine may be reduced during an ongoing infection. It is important to wait until the client's infection has resolved before administering the vaccine. Clients with anemia, arthritis, and hypertension do not have any contraindications for receiving the hepatitis B vaccine.

Question 5

Which statement is true regarding active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity occurs when the immune system responds to a pathogen or antigen by creating an immune response. This allows the individual to develop immunity to that specific pathogen. Option A is incorrect as passive immunity can also respond to antigens. Option B is not always true as the duration of active immunity can vary depending on the specific pathogen and individual. Option D is false as active immunity is acquired through an immune response and not present at birth.

Question 6

From which sources can passive immunity be acquired? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From which sources can passive immunity be...

Question 7

Once the inflammation process is initiated, which process causes edema of the surrounding tissues?

Accepted Answer

Vascular permeability causes edema of the surrounding tissues by allowing fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes to leak into the interstitial space. Vasodilation increases blood flow, cellular infiltration brings white blood cells to the area, and thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot, which can contribute to inflammation but does not directly cause edema.

Question 8

MCSA Student nurses are writing their final exam, which of the following answers do they identify as the correct response to this question. Of the following immunosuppressants, which one is a cytotoxic, pregnancy category X?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide (Thalomid) is the only immunosuppressant listed that is a cytotoxic and pregnancy category X drug. Basiliximab (Simulect) and Tacrolimus (Prograf) are both immunosuppressants but are not cytotoxic and are pregnancy category B and C respectively. Oprelvekin (Neumega) is not an immunosuppressant but rather a medication used to stimulate platelet growth.

Question 9

The nurse would expect antibodies for passive immunity to be administered in which situations? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies for passive immunity provide immediate protection and are therefore given in situations where there is a great risk for exposure (A), the client has already been exposed to a pathogen (C), or there is not sufficient time to develop active immunity (E). The initial immunization failing (B) would not be a reason for administering antibodies for passive immunity. Bone marrow transplant (D) would require active immunization, not passive immunity.

Question 10

What is the term used to describe the placement of a foreign substance on or in an individual for the purpose of disease prevention?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the placement of a foreign substance on or in an individual for the purpose of disease prevention is vaccination. Vaccinations introduce a small amount of a weakened or dead pathogen into a person's system to stimulate the immune system to develop immunity to the disease. This can help prevent future infections and provide protection for the individual and the population as a whole.

Question 11

A client who is going to Africa requires vaccination against hepatitis A. How should the nurse schedule the three injections needed for this vaccination?

Accepted Answer

The hepatitis A vaccine is typically administered in 2 doses, with the second dose given 6-12 months after the first dose to ensure long-term protection.

Question 12

Which schedule for an MMR vaccine is correct?

Accepted Answer

The CDC recommends giving the MMR vaccine in two doses - the first between 12 and 15 months, and the second between 4 and 6 years old. Option D aligns with this recommended schedule by giving the first dose between 12 and 15 months and the second at 18 months.

Question 13

The mother asks the nurse why the human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil) is administered at age 11 or 12 rather than earlier, as with other vaccines. What is the most accurate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is spread through sexual contact, which may begin during the teen years. Therefore, it is recommended that the HPV vaccine be given at age 11 or 12 to provide maximum protection before exposure to the virus.

Question 14

The nurse would expect RhoGAM to be administered to which client?

Accepted Answer

RhoGAM is administered to a pregnant woman who is Rh-negative at 28 weeks' gestation to prevent sensitization to Rh-positive fetal blood.

Question 15

The nursing student questions the faculty member regarding the need to obtain a hepatitis B titre. The faculty member is correct in saying that the purpose of a titre is to measure which component of immunity?

Accepted Answer

A titre is a test used to measure the amount of antibodies in the bloodstream. In the case of hepatitis B, a titre is used to determine if an individual has developed an adequate immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine. This is important for healthcare workers and students who may be exposed to the virus in their work or school environment. A positive titre indicates that the individual has developed immunity to hepatitis B and is protected from future infections.

Question 16

The community health nurse is teaching health promotion classes to new parents. The most recent class was on vaccinations and their schedules. What response by a parent indicates understanding of the correct time for vaccinating for pertussis?

Accepted Answer

The correct time for vaccinating for pertussis is at 2 months. Option B is incorrect because the vaccine schedule for pertussis does not require a vaccine at 5 years of age. Option C is incorrect because waiting until the child is 2 years old is too long to receive the first dose. Option D is incorrect because the first dose should be given at 2 months, not at 15 months.

Question 17

What is the goal of active immunity?

Accepted Answer

The goal of active immunity is prevention of illness by inducing the body's immune system to produce its own antibodies and immune memory against a specific pathogen.

Question 18

As a result of vaccination, what cells are formed?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination stimulates the immune system and triggers the formation of memory B and T cells, which provide long-term protection against the specific pathogen. Immunoglobulins and antigens are not cells formed as a result of vaccination, and alpha and beta are not specific to the immune response.

Question 19

The mother asks the nurse why her child must have three doses of a certain vaccine over the next few months. Which response by the nurse is correct?

Accepted Answer

Multiple doses of a vaccine are given over time to allow the immune system to develop full immunity. This is because the first dose may not produce a strong enough response to provide long-term protection, and subsequent doses help to boost the immune system's memory and response to the vaccine.

Question 20

A nurse has administered a DTaP immunization to a 2-month-old infant. What does the nurse teach the parent regarding which diseases this vaccination covers? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The DTaP vaccine is a combination vaccine that covers Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis. It does not cover Varicella or Hepatitis A.

Quiz 9: Pharmacology of Alterations in Body Defences