A study design in which it is difficult to control variables that may influence results is called a(n) _____ design.

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A quasi-experimental design would have a nonmatched comparison group but no random assignment to a treatment group. Such quasi-experimental designs may contribute valuable information but ultimately lack the power to ascribe cause, because the variables are uncontrolled and potentially influential. Ethical decisions do not permit the use of this experimental design in all situations.

A Study Design in Which It Is Difficult to Control