The difference between what a consumer is willing to pay for a unit of a good and what must be paid when actually buying it is called:

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The difference between what a consumer is willing to pay for a unit of a good and what they actually have to pay is the definition of consumer surplus. Producer surplus refers to the difference between the cost of production and the price at which a seller is willing to sell the good. Cost benefit analysis is a method of evaluating the costs and benefits of a decision or project. Net utility refers to the total satisfaction or benefit an individual receives from consuming a good or service.

The Difference Between What a Consumer Is Willing to Pay