If the marginal utilities per dollar are not equal among the final set of goods Joe is planning to consume, he can increase his total utility by changing the amounts of what he intends to purchase.

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If the marginal utilities per dollar are not equal, Joe can increase his total utility by adjusting the amounts of the goods he plans to purchase. He should consume more of the good with the higher marginal utility per dollar and less of the good with the lower marginal utility per dollar. This will lead to a higher total utility overall.

If the Marginal Utilities Per Dollar Are Not Equal Among