The therapist observes that the patient demonstrates pendular nystagmus.What might this indicate?

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Pendular nystagmus is a type of nystagmus where the eyes move constantly in a rhythmic manner. It is often seen in patients with central vestibular pathology, such as multiple sclerosis or cerebellar ataxia. Peripheral vestibular pathology, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), typically causes other types of nystagmus, such as positional or direction-changing nystagmus. Bilateral vestibular hypofunction often causes oscillopsia, but not necessarily pendular nystagmus specifically. Unilateral vestibular hypofunction can cause nystagmus, but usually with certain head movements or positioning, rather than constant rhythmic movements.

The Therapist Observes That the Patient Demonstrates Pendular Nystagmus