The reason coral reefs are among the most productive and successful ecosystems is due to

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The coral-dinoflagellate mutualistic relationship is a key factor in the success and productivity of coral reef ecosystems. The dinoflagellates provide the coral with energy through photosynthesis while the coral provides a protected environment and nutrients for the dinoflagellates. While commensalisms (one species benefiting while the other is neither harmed nor helped) and other mutualistic relationships may exist within coral reef ecosystems, they are not the primary reason for their productivity and success. Lichen mutualistic relationships are not relevant to coral reef ecosystems.

The Reason Coral Reefs Are Among the Most Productive and Successful