A source of bias that may occur in research when subjects are allowed to determine for themselves whether or not they will receive a treatment condition in a scientific study is known as a(n) ______.

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This is known as selection bias, as the subjects are self-selecting into either the treatment or control group, potentially leading to non-random groups and biased results. Observer bias refers to a researcher's expectations influencing their observations, response set refers to a participant's tendency to respond in a certain way regardless of the question, and generalization error refers to results not being applicable to a wider population.

A Source of Bias That May Occur in Research When