Which of the Following Is Not Among the Consequences of Categorizing

Which of the following is not among the consequences of categorizing people according to race, sex, age, sexual orientation, and so forth?

A) We tend to have more favorable attitudes toward ingroup members than toward outgroup members.
B) We usually see outgroup members as being more similar to each other than they really are.
C) Categorizing heightens the visibility of outgroup members when there are only a few of them in a larger group.
D) We tend to make excuses for the shortcomings we observe in outgroup members.