Suppose a survey of predator-prey relationships where the predators were large mammals shows that the fastest predators are usually found in regions where the fastest prey are also found.The most likely explanation for such a finding would be

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The existence of evolutionary arms races is the most likely explanation for the finding that the fastest predators are usually found in regions where the fastest prey are also found. In an evolutionary arms race, predators and prey evolve adaptations to outcompete each other, leading to an escalation in speed or other traits necessary for survival.

Suppose a Survey of Predator-Prey Relationships Where the Predators Were