Question 1

Stress has been linked to the suppression of both _____ and _____ in the immune system.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that stress can lead to the suppression of both T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to infections and illnesses. B lymphocytes and macrophages are not consistently suppressed by stress.

Question 2

N.R.Nielsen and colleagues (2008)found that among women,stress intensity was _____ associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of N.R.Nielsen and colleagues (2008)found that among women,stress...

Question 3

Stress has been linked to the suppression of NK cells.This means that stress may inhibit the body's ability to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stress has been linked to the suppression...

Question 4

Job stress is _____ associated with the risk of coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown a positive association between job stress and the risk of coronary heart disease. High levels of stress at work can lead to hypertension, high cholesterol, and other risk factors for heart disease.

Question 5

Candice says that she smokes cigarettes to "calm her nerves." Samuel says that smoking a cigarette "helps him focus." In the language of operant conditioning,stress relief maintains smoking through _____.An improvement in focus maintains smoking through _____.

Accepted Answer

Stress relief is considered negative reinforcement because it removes the unpleasant state of stress, thus reinforcing the behavior (smoking) that removed it. Improvement in focus is considered positive reinforcement because it adds a desirable outcome (better focus), thus reinforcing the behavior.

Question 6

The textbook states that "smokers report that they smoke more cigarettes in response to stressors." This result MOST likely derives from _____ research.

Accepted Answer

Smokers reporting that they smoke more cigarettes in response to stressors is a self-reported behavior. Thus, it is most likely derived from survey research.

Question 7

An increase of fatty deposits,inflammation,and scar tissue within artery walls is called:

Accepted Answer

The description matches the characteristics of atherosclerosis, which is a condition characterized by fatty deposits, inflammation, and scar tissue within the walls of arteries.

Question 8

An elevated risk of heart disease is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Both job stress and social-evaluative threat are associated with an elevated risk of heart disease. Job stress can lead to high blood pressure, while social-evaluative threat (such as social anxiety or fear of rejection) can lead to increased inflammation in the body, both of which are risk factors for heart disease.

Question 9

Mrs.Jones,who has been caring for her terminally ill mother for a year now,has continued to work at a demanding job,as well as parent three active teenagers.These long-term stressors should _____ the number of NK cells,thereby _____ immune system functioning.

Accepted Answer

Long-term stressors such as caring for a terminally ill loved one and parenting three teenagers can lead to chronic stress which can decrease the number of NK cells and impair immune system functioning.

Question 10

The textbook states that researchers "found evidence that the bacterium H.pylori plays an important role" in ulcers.However,"some people who carry the bacteria never get ulcers,while others develop ulcers in its absence." Based on this discussion,it is probably MOST reasonable to conclude that the correlation between H.pylori and ulcers is:

Accepted Answer

The statement in the textbook suggests that there is a moderate positive correlation between H.pylori and ulcers, as some people with the bacteria get ulcers while others without it do not. This implies that the presence of H.pylori increases the likelihood of developing ulcers but does not guarantee it.

Question 11

N.T.Joseph and colleagues (2013)found that unemployment following Hurricane Katrina increased the likelihood of "cardiometabolic events" by a factor of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of N.T.Joseph and colleagues (2013)found that unemployment following...

Question 12

As compared to short-term stress,long-term stress has _____ effect on the number of NK cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As compared to short-term stress,long-term stress has...

Question 13

N.R.Nielsen and colleagues (2008)found that among men,stress intensity was _____ associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer.

Accepted Answer

N.R. Nielsen and colleagues (2008) found that stress intensity was positively associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer among men, but the association was not strong.

Question 14

The textbook suggests that people smoke cigarettes to ease stress and to improve their mood.In the language of operant conditioning,stress relief maintains smoking through _____.An improved mood maintains smoking through _____.

Accepted Answer

Stress relief is a negative reinforcement, as smoking is used to remove or avoid the unpleasant experience of stress. An improved mood is a result of the positive reinforcement that comes with smoking, as it provides a pleasurable experience. Therefore, stress relief maintains smoking through negative reinforcement, while an improved mood maintains smoking through positive reinforcement. The best answer is B, as it correctly identifies both types of reinforcement.

Question 15

A study examining the link between life events and breast cancer found that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that the death of a spouse was modestly associated with breast cancer, but did not report strong associations or findings regarding other major life events.

Question 16

Nielsen et al.(2008)conducted a large-scale prospective study of the link between stress and colorectal cancer among both men and women.The researchers found that stress:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nielsen et al.(2008)conducted a large-scale prospective study...

Question 17

The relationship between smoking cigarettes and improved mood is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relationship between smoking cigarettes and improved...

Question 18

This morning,Barb must not only finish a research paper due this afternoon but also prepare a presentation for her evening class.Today's short-term stressors should _____ the number of NK cells,thereby _____ immune system functioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This morning,Barb must not only finish a...

Question 19

According to the text,____ of research articles have linked stress and heart disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,____ of research articles...

Question 20

Compared to women,men are more susceptible to _____ when they try to quit smoking.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that men are more likely to experience stronger cigarette cravings than women when trying to quit smoking. This may be due to the fact that men often associate smoking with their social identity and may have a harder time giving up this aspect of their persona.

Quiz 11: Stress and Health

Stress has been linked to the suppression of both _ and _ in the immune system.

N.R.Nielsen and colleagues (2008) found that among women,stress intensity was _____ associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer.

Stress has been linked to the suppression of NK cells.This means that stress may inhibit the body's ability to:

Job stress is _____ associated with the risk of coronary heart disease.

Candice says that she smokes cigarettes to "calm her nerves." Samuel says that smoking a cigarette "helps him focus." In the language of operant conditioning,stress relief maintains smoking through _.An improvement in focus maintains smoking through _.

The textbook states that "smokers report that they smoke more cigarettes in response to stressors." This result MOST likely derives from _____ research.

An increase of fatty deposits,inflammation,and scar tissue within artery walls is called:

An elevated risk of heart disease is associated with:

Mrs.Jones,who has been caring for her terminally ill mother for a year now,has continued to work at a demanding job,as well as parent three active teenagers.These long-term stressors should _ the number of NK cells,thereby _ immune system functioning.

N.T.Joseph and colleagues (2013) found that unemployment following Hurricane Katrina increased the likelihood of "cardiometabolic events" by a factor of:

As compared to short-term stress,long-term stress has _____ effect on the number of NK cells.

N.R.Nielsen and colleagues (2008) found that among men,stress intensity was _____ associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer.

The textbook suggests that people smoke cigarettes to ease stress and to improve their mood.In the language of operant conditioning,stress relief maintains smoking through _.An improved mood maintains smoking through _.

A study examining the link between life events and breast cancer found that:

Nielsen et al.(2008) conducted a large-scale prospective study of the link between stress and colorectal cancer among both men and women.The researchers found that stress:

The relationship between smoking cigarettes and improved mood is:

This morning,Barb must not only finish a research paper due this afternoon but also prepare a presentation for her evening class.Today's short-term stressors should _ the number of NK cells,thereby _ immune system functioning.

According to the text,____ of research articles have linked stress and heart disease.

Compared to women,men are more susceptible to _____ when they try to quit smoking.