York University's Pepler and colleagues studied bullying behaviour by elementary-aged children as it occurred during school recess.They found that:

Question

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The study found that the children's self-reports about bullying did not accurately reflect how they were observed to behave. This suggests that the children may have been unwilling or unable to accurately report their own bullying behavior, indicating a limitation of self-report data. The other answer choices are incorrect. The study does not permit causal conclusions about bullying behavior because it was an observational study and causal conclusions require experimental designs. The research methods may have influenced the children's behaviors because they may have been aware of being observed. Naturalistic observation was an effective research method for studying children's bullying behavior because it allowed for observations in a natural setting.

York University's Pepler and Colleagues Studied Bullying Behaviour by Elementary-Aged