Social comparison and diffusion of responsibility were mentioned as two of the possible ways that the bystander effect inhibits people from helping others in an emergency.

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Social comparison occurs when individuals compare their actions and beliefs to those of other people in a social setting. In an emergency situation, people may look to others to see what their reaction is before taking action themselves, leading to inaction due to uncertainty. Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals feel that someone else will take responsibility for helping, leading to a diffusion of accountability and a diminished sense of urgency to help. Both of these factors contribute to the bystander effect and can inhibit people from helping in an emergency.

Social Comparison and Diffusion of Responsibility Were Mentioned as Two