When researchers use a cross-sectional design,they typically find that both fluid and crystallized intelligence decline relatively early in life,but they often find that both of these abilities remain stable until much later in life when they use a ___________ design.

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A longitudinal design follows the same group of individuals over a period of time and is better able to capture changes in intelligence over the lifespan. This design allows researchers to compare the same individuals' performance on intelligence tests at different points in time, whereas a cross-sectional design compares different individuals at different points in their lives. Therefore, using a longitudinal design may reveal that fluid intelligence declines earlier and more rapidly than crystallized intelligence, and that both remain stable until much later in life.

When Researchers Use a Cross-Sectional Design,they Typically Find That Both