Which of the following tests/procedures are used to diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.?

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B) D-dimer tests are used to help rule out the presence of an inappropriate blood clot (thrombus). High levels of D-dimer can suggest a thrombus and, by extension, a pulmonary embolism. C) An angiogram, specifically a pulmonary angiogram, is considered a gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism as it directly visualizes the blood vessels and can show blockages. D) A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) lung scan can show areas of the lungs that are ventilated but not perfused, suggesting a blockage such as a PE. E) A spiral (or helical) CT scan, especially with contrast (CT pulmonary angiography), is commonly used to diagnose PE by providing detailed images of the blood vessels in the lungs.

Which of the Following Tests/procedures Are Used to Diagnose a Pulmonary