Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus such as microvascular and macrovascular disease are primarily related to:

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Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus are primarily related to hyperglycemia, which can damage small blood vessels (microvascular) and large blood vessels (macrovascular) over time. Pancreatic changes, ketone toxicity, and hyperinsulinemia are not the primary factors contributing to these complications.

Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Such as Microvascular and Macrovascular