A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The severe cough and histologic findings suggest a bacterial infection. The cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis are consistent with the activity of an exotoxin, which is secreted by bacterial cells and can cause damage to host cells. Endotoxins are part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and can contribute to septicemia. Antitoxin refers to antibodies that can neutralize toxins, but is not a likely cause of the illness in this scenario. Septicemia refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, but does not explain the specific findings mentioned in the question stem.

A 5-Year-Old Male Becomes Ill with a Severe Cough