The critical care nurse provides a training session on the principles of renal replacement therapies. When discussing how solutes move across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to lower concentration, what is the nurse describing?

Question

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1. Ultrafiltration (convection) involves a pressure gradient being created between the sides of the semipermeable membrane. Solutes are carried in solution across the semipermeable membrane in response to the pressure gradient, producing an ultrafiltrate.
2. Diffusion involves the movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane from a solution where they are in a higher concentration (the plasma) to a solution where they are in a lower concentration (the dialysate).
3. Active transport (sometimes called active intake because of the absorbing movement of particles) is an energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane and up the concentration gradient.
4. Osmosis occurs when solution (water) moves from an area of low-solute concentration (the plasma) to an area of higher solute concentration (the dialysate).

The Critical Care Nurse Provides a Training Session on the Principles