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Scenario I
Tyler is physically dependent on heroin and injects it intravenously multiple times per day.Most often,he uses with his dealer in a drug house on his street.One day when his dealer was out of town,Tyler met a group of fellow users going to a drug party about 2 hours away.Tyler tagged along,and noted that he felt odd injecting the drug in this setting,because the new people and environment were a marked departure from his usual routine.Minutes later,although the drug was of the same quality and he took no more or less than usual,Tyler overdosed and had to be rushed to the emergency room.
-(Scenario I)An account of drug overdose based on classical conditioning differs from typical preparations such as the one first used by Pavlov in that:

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Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response. In this scenario, the drug environment (neutral stimulus) was paired with the drug (unconditioned stimulus) until the drug environment (now the conditioned stimulus) elicited a conditioned response (overdose). The difference between this classical conditioning and the typical preparations used by Pavlov is that the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in this scenario are of different stimulus modalities (environment vs. drug), whereas Pavlov used the same stimulus modality for both (sound for both neutral and conditioned stimuli).

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