In a series of studies by Meaney and colleagues,rat pups were randomly assigned to be raised by surrogate mothers who spent a lot of time licking and grooming (high LG)them or surrogate mothers who spent little time engaging in this behaviour (low LG).Rat pups raised by low-LG surrogates grow up to be _____ fearful in novel situations,which can be attributed to a(n)_____ in DNA methylation.

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Rat pups raised by low-LG surrogates grow up to be more fearful in novel situations, which is attributed to an increase in DNA methylation. This epigenetic change affects the expression of genes related to stress response.

In a Series of Studies by Meaney and Colleagues,rat Pups