Even when participants are assigned to completely meaningless groups,it is highly likely that they will exhibit:

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The phenomenon of in-group favoritism suggests that even in meaningless group assignments, participants tend to show preference or favoritism towards members of their own group. This preference may manifest in different forms, such as allocating more resources, providing more opportunities, or awarding bonus points to their own group members. Therefore, choice C is the most likely outcome in such a situation. Group polarization (A) typically requires some shared beliefs or opinions that are reinforced within the group through discussion. Negative deindividuation (B) may occur in intergroup dynamics where members of different groups perceive each other as faceless or dehumanized entities. Reciprocal altruism (D) may also happen in intergroup dynamics, but it requires some degree of trust and cooperation between the parties involved. In the absence of any prior interaction, it is unlikely to observe reciprocal altruism within meaningless groups.

Even When Participants Are Assigned to Completely Meaningless Groups,it Is