When first training your dog,you say,"Good dog" and give her a doggie treat every time she lies down the way you want her to.After several trials,your dog learns that there is an association between the phrase "Good dog" and the appearance of a doggie treat and she will become excited and salivate each time you use this phrase.In fact,this same phrase can be used without doggie treats to reinforce your dog for other tricks.In this example,the phrase "Good dog" is both a:

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The phrase "Good dog" initially has no value to the dog, but through classical conditioning, it becomes associated with the primary reinforcer (doggie treat). As a result, the phrase becomes a secondary or conditioned reinforcer. Therefore, the phrase "Good dog" is a secondary reinforcer and a conditioned stimulus.

When First Training Your Dog,you Say,"Good Dog" and Give Her