Explaining why the best work of mathematicians and scientists is often produced in early adulthood while that of historians and philosophers often originates during middle adulthood requires a distinction between

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The distinction needed is between fluid and crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason abstractly and solve novel problems, which tends to peak in early adulthood and decline with age. This is important for mathematicians and scientists who often require these abilities for their work. On the other hand, crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge and experience, which tends to grow through middle adulthood and beyond. This is crucial for historians and philosophers who rely heavily on accumulated knowledge and often produce their best work later in life.

Explaining Why the Best Work of Mathematicians and Scientists Is