Humanism developed, in part, as a reaction against which two perspectives?

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Humanism emerged as a response against the behaviourist and psychodynamic perspectives, which were prevalent in psychology at the time. The behaviourist perspective emphasized the role of external rewards and punishments in shaping behaviour, while the psychodynamic perspective focused on unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences as determinants of behaviour. Humanism rejected these deterministic views and emphasized the importance of subjective experience, free will, and personal growth.

Humanism Developed, in Part, as a Reaction Against Which Two