The passing of power from heads of families and clans to the ruling elite took place as agricultural societies replaced horticultural and pastoral societies.

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As societies became more complex and began to rely more heavily on agriculture, which required more centralized control and management, power shifted from familial and clan-based systems to a ruling elite. This was due to a variety of factors including increased social stratification, the emergence of specialized labor, and the need for more efficient forms of governance.

The Passing of Power from Heads of Families and Clans