Question 1

Damian loved going to church because it made him feel part of something larger than himself. Which theorist's approach to religion explains why Damian felt this way?

Accepted Answer

Durkheim's approach to religion emphasizes the social aspects of religion, and how it creates social solidarity, which is why Damian's feeling of being a part of something larger than himself aligns with Durkheim's theory.

Question 2

Kids who wear name-brand clothing and have the latest technological gadgets can be said to have more of what, compared to kids who do not have these resources?

Accepted Answer

Cultural capital refers to the non-material resources that individuals possess, such as knowledge, skills, and tastes, which can be used to gain social and economic advantages. Kids who wear name-brand clothing and have the latest technological gadgets can be said to have more cultural capital compared to kids who do not have these resources, as these items can be seen as symbols of status and cultural knowledge.

Question 3

A novice born-again Christian attends a charismatic prayer group. The small group stands to pray, then someone starts to speak in tongues, and the whole group starts singing in unison. The novice feels a transcendent presence. Which of the following terms applies to this social phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A novice born-again Christian attends a charismatic...

Question 4

Which of the following research questions would an interactionist pose?

Accepted Answer

Interactionists focus on how individuals create and reflect their social reality through their interactions with others. Therefore, the research question that aligns with this perspective would be "How does religion contribute to people's construction of identity?" as it addresses how individuals shape and are shaped by their religious beliefs and practices.

Question 5

Alex works hard doing painstaking work on his farm. He is surprised to find that the younger workers he has hired to assist him do not share his value of hard work. Which of the following ideas does Alex exemplify?

Accepted Answer

Alex exemplifies the Protestant ethic, which values hard work and individual responsibility as a means to achieve success. This ethic emerged out of Protestant theology, and it emphasizes the idea that individuals have a duty to work hard in their calling or occupation. Alex's surprise at the younger workers' lack of hard work suggests that he values this ethic and expects others to share it as well. False consciousness refers to a situation in which individuals adopt beliefs and values that are not in their best interests. The Spirit of Capitalism refers to the cultural and economic system that emerged in Europe during the industrial revolution. Weber's thesis is a sociological theory that suggests that Protestantism led to the development of capitalism.

Question 6

Which of the following describes the hidden, unstated, and sometimes unintended consequences of activities within an organization or institution that all social institutions, including schools, have?

Accepted Answer

Latent functions refer to the hidden, unstated, and sometimes unintended consequences of activities within an organization or institution, which all social institutions, including schools, have. Manifest functions are conscious and deliberate, while unobtrusive goals and subjective goals are not commonly used terms in sociology.

Question 7

One of the following sociological approaches would contend that the very design of mass public schooling ensures that people who are born disadvantaged remain disadvantaged. Which one is it?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists argue that the educational system is inherently unequal and reproduces existing social inequalities, with schools serving as a means of perpetuating the dominant ideology of the ruling class. They contend that educational institutions reinforce social inequality and class stratification, with the design of mass public schooling playing a crucial part in maintaining the class structure. Therefore, the given approach would contend that the very design of mass public schooling ensures that people who are born disadvantaged remain disadvantaged.

Question 8

According to the text, which feminist perspective suggests that removing some of the traditional boundaries of certain religions, and integrating some images and rituals from outside those traditional boundaries, can serve positive ends for women in society?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, which feminist perspective...

Question 9

A.J. Massey Public School has just received its students' standardized test scores from the school board. The school fell in rank after a very poor performance across all grade levels. How would a functionalist explain this?

Accepted Answer

According to functionalist theory, society is made up of various parts that work together to maintain social stability and function. If a part of the system, like a school, is not performing well, it disrupts the overall functioning of the system. In this case, the poor performance of A.J. Massey Public School in standardized tests indicates a dysfunction in the education system, which may need to be addressed to restore order and function.

Question 10

Students at Elmwood Elementary must go to the office to get a late slip if they arrive after the final bell. Which of the following manifest functions of education does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This illustrates the manifest function of social control, as the school is enforcing rules and norms by requiring students to obtain a late slip if they arrive after the final bell.

Question 11

What interesting paradox has Reginald Bibby's recent survey research revealed?

Accepted Answer

Reginald Bibby's recent survey research has revealed that while attendance at religious services has dramatically declined, most Canadians still report some religious affiliation or spiritual beliefs. This paradox suggests that there is a significant gap between what Canadians say they believe and how they choose to practice their faith. Many Canadians may feel disconnected from organized religion, but still hold onto some form of spirituality or faith.

Question 12

In the text, which of the following was an example of negative bonding capital?

Accepted Answer

The Canadian residential schooling for Aboriginal children is an example of negative bonding capital, as it separates children from their families and communities, causing harm and mistrust between different groups.

Question 13

If we were to ask a conflict theorist, what would she or he say is accurate about education?

Accepted Answer

A conflict theorist would argue that education is not a tool for promoting equality, but rather a means of reinforcing and reproducing existing social inequalities. They would assert that the education system is structured in a way that reinforces the dominance of dominant social, economic, and political groups, and ensures that those who are already advantaged will continue to be so in the future. This can take the form of unequal access to resources, differential treatment of students based on their socio-economic backgrounds or cultural identities, and curricular materials that reflect dominant values and beliefs, among other factors. As such, education is not seen as a platform for challenging social inequality, but rather a vehicle for perpetuating it.

Question 14

When it comes to boys and girls in the classroom, boys consistently have more conflict with teachers because they talk out of turn, show up late, don't do their homework, and act out in class. According to sociologists, what term best describes the part of schooling that boys have problems with?

Accepted Answer

The hidden curriculum refers to the unwritten, informal expectations and norms that govern behavior in schools. This includes things like punctuality, following rules and procedures, and demonstrating respect for authority. Boys tend to struggle with these expectations, which can lead to conflicts with teachers and disciplinary issues.

Question 15

Which one of the following perspectives typically emphasizes the ways in which religious beliefs and rituals bind people together?

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective emphasizes the ways in which different parts of society work together to maintain stability and order. Within this perspective, religion is seen as a tool for social cohesion and unity, as religious beliefs and rituals can bind people together and reinforce a sense of community.

Question 16

From kindergarten through college and university, children learn attitudes and behaviour appropriate to the student role. Which of the following manifest functions of education does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This illustrates the manifest function of education known as socialization, which involves teaching students attitudes and behaviors appropriate to the student role.

Question 17

Which of the following is the social institution that systematically instills much of the knowledge that is needed to function as productive adults in society?

Accepted Answer

Education is the social institution that systematically instills much of the knowledge that is needed to function as productive adults in society. It is through education that individuals are taught the skills, values, and beliefs that are necessary to succeed in the workforce and contribute to society. While socialization, higher learning, and cultural transmission all play important roles in shaping individuals' knowledge and behavior, education is the primary means by which this knowledge is transmitted on a systematic, large-scale basis.

Question 18

Jonathan has always been told, and believed, that he was a "C" student, and his grades at university are mostly "Cs." Which of the following may be occurring here?

Accepted Answer

Jonathan's belief that he is a "C" student could be influencing him to only strive for "C" grades, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. This is a common occurrence when individuals start to believe in negative or limiting beliefs about themselves.

Question 19

David works Monday to Friday as a lawyer. On weekends he attends his temple and volunteers with its youth counselling program. According to the text, which of the following effects do his weekend activities most likely have on his life?

Accepted Answer

David's weekend activities involve being a part of a community and giving back through youth counselling. This would most likely give him a sense of belonging and purpose, which could have positive effects on his life. There is no indication in the text that his weekend activities increase his stress or decrease his compassion.

Question 20

Which of the following functions does religion serve, according to a functionalist perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following functions does religion...

Quiz 10: Learning What Is True: Religion, Science, and Education