Question 1

The importance of physical environment in triggering automatic thinking about racist stereotypes was shown in a study that found

Accepted Answer

The study found that participants in a darkened room had faster access to negative stereotypes of black people compared to participants seated in a bright room, highlighting the importance of physical environment in triggering automatic thinking about racist stereotypes.

Question 2

In Chapter 3,the lesson to be learned from accident victim Kevin Chappell's story is that we can automatically categorize objects and faces

Accepted Answer

Categorizing objects and faces automatically allows us to process other important things.

Question 3

When thinking about the film Casablanca,many people erroneously remember the Humphrey Bogart line,"Play it again,Sam." In reality,Bogart never said that line.This example illustrates that memory is

Accepted Answer

The example given shows that memory is reconstructive, meaning that our memories are not exact replicas of past events. Instead, they are influenced by our beliefs, expectations, and other factors which can alter our recollection of events. In this case, people have likely combined two different lines from the film to form the incorrect quote, demonstrating how memory can be shaped by external factors.

Question 4

Korsakov's syndrome is a neurological disorder that makes sufferers unable to form new memories.The world is disorienting and incoherent to patients with this disorder,so they often confabulate or invent fictions to make the world less scary and confusing.A social psychologist might say that these patients

Accepted Answer

Korsakov's syndrome patients have memory that is reconstructive, meaning they often confabulate or invent fictions to fill in gaps in their memory. This suggests that they are not simply unable to form schemas, but rather that their schemas may be flawed or incomplete due to the nature of their memory disorder.

Question 5

When most people think of the character Captain Kirk from the original Star Trek series,they think of the line,"Beam me up,Scotty!" But that line of dialogue never appeared on the show.This example illustrates that memory is often

Accepted Answer

Our schemas can significantly influence our memories by altering or exaggerating them to fit our expectations or previous experiences. In this case, the line "Beam me up, Scotty!" has become so culturally ingrained that many people may remember it as being directly from the Star Trek series, even if it was never actually spoken.

Question 6

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college students that their guest instructor was a warm person,and told others that he was a cold person.Students who were told that the guest instructor was a warm person evaluated him more positively and participated more in class discussion than did students who were told that he was cold.These results support the idea that schemas are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college...

Question 7

Korsakov's syndrome is a neurological disorder more closely associated with abnormal psychology than with social psychology.Why would the authors of your text describe the symptoms of Korsakov's syndrome and provide Oliver Sacks's description of his encounter with a patient suffering from that disease? This discussion illustrates

Accepted Answer

The discussion of Korsakov's syndrome and Oliver Sacks's encounter with a patient likely serves to illustrate the importance of schemas in helping humans make sense of their experiences. Schemas are mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information. In the context of abnormal psychology, understanding the symptoms of Korsakov's syndrome and the experiences of patients can help in forming schemas that are crucial for medical professionals to diagnose, empathize with, and treat patients effectively.

Question 8

________ are the cognitive structures we use to organize our knowledge of the social world.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are cognitive structures that organize knowledge of the social world. They help individuals make sense of new experiences by providing a framework for interpreting and categorizing information. Social roles refer to the expected behaviors of individuals in a given position, heuristics are mental shortcuts that simplify decision making, social cognitions refer to mental processes involved in social interactions, and internal attributions refer to explanations of behavior based on personal characteristics rather than situational factors.

Question 9

We are most likely to rely on schemas when the situation we confront is

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks or sets of expectations that we use to make sense of information in our environment. When a situation is ambiguous, meaning it lacks clear or definitive meaning, we are more likely to rely on our schemas in order to make sense of what is happening. Confusing situations may also lead us to rely on schemas, but the lack of clear meaning is the key factor. Forgettable, interesting, and arousing situations do not necessarily have anything to do with our reliance on schemas.

Question 10

In most cases,when we encounter a fact that is inconsistent with our schemas,we

Accepted Answer

In most cases, when individuals encounter facts that are inconsistent with their existing schemas, they tend to overlook or ignore these inconsistencies rather than revising their schemas or deeply examining the nature of the inconsistency. This is because schemas are deeply ingrained mental structures that guide our understanding of the world, and it's often easier to dismiss conflicting information than to alter these foundational beliefs.

Question 11

Mental structures that organize information in our social world are called

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental structures that organize information in our social world. They help us understand and interpret the world around us, and provide a framework for processing new information. Cognitive filters, counterfactuals, affect blends, and heuristics are all related to cognition and decision-making, but do not specifically refer to mental structures that organize social information.

Question 12

Chapter 3 began with a description of accident victim Kevin Chappell who suffered brain damage that left him with a severe visual disability.His disability is such that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chapter 3 began with a description of...

Question 13

Carole has a subtle "Mona Lisa" smile that is much harder to detect than an obvious toothy grin.Assume that before you met Carole,a mutual friend described her as warm and friendly.The first time Carole smiled at you,you would probably conclude that she is

Accepted Answer

The fact that a mutual friend described Carole as warm and friendly implies that she is not likely to be bored or aloof. While her subtle smile may be hard to read, it is still likely to appear friendly, indicating that E, "a friendly person," is the best choice.

Question 14

Why do we use schemas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do we use schemas?
...

Question 15

In the study by Kunda,Sinclair,and Griffin (1997),participants were told that a person was either a salesperson or an actor and very extroverted.Participants generated descriptions of the person that

Accepted Answer

Participants generated descriptions of the person that varied according to the occupation of the person, indicating that occupation does have an effect on the way people perceive and describe others.

Question 16

According to the authors,why do people often rely on a variety of mental shortcuts?

Accepted Answer

People often rely on mental shortcuts because they are confronted with an overwhelming amount of social information, making it difficult to process everything in detail.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about schemas is true?

Accepted Answer

Schemas affect the information we notice, think about, and remember. They influence not only our perception, but also our interpretation, memory, and behavior. Schemas are mental frameworks or structures that help us organize and process information. They guide our attention, expectations, inferences, and judgments, and are especially salient in ambiguous or unfamiliar situations. Schemas can be activated automatically and unconsciously, or deliberately and consciously. They can be based on our prior experiences, socialization, culture, or individual differences. They can be helpful in simplifying and streamlining our cognitive processing, but they can also lead to bias, stereotypes, and errors.

Question 18

Which of the following can be considered good examples of schemas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can be considered...

Question 19

Pierre encounters his physics professor working on her laptop computer in a coffee shop.The professor has a stack of physics journals,along with a rap music CD on the table.If asked later to recall what he had seen,Pierre would be most likely to remember ________ because ________.

Accepted Answer

Pierre's schema for physics professors likely includes the expectation of seeing them reading physics journals and working on a laptop computer. The presence of the rap music CD is not consistent with this schema and may not be as memorable to Pierre.

Question 20

________ refer(s)to the way people select,interpret,remember,and use social information to make judgments and decisions about themselves and others.

Accepted Answer

Social cognition refers to the way people process and interpret social information in order to make judgments and decisions about themselves and others. It includes a variety of cognitive processes such as perception, attention, memory, and reasoning. Social cognition is an important aspect of social psychology, as it helps to explain why people behave the way they do in social situations.

Quiz 3: Social Cognition