TABLE 11-6 Psychologists Have Found That People Are Generally Reluctant to Transmit

TABLE 11-6
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers.This phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect,40 undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment.Each subject was asked to administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile score.Unknown to the subject,the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the researchers.The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker,each at two levels.Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker.Success of the test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%.Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2 × 2 = 4 experimental conditions,then the time (in seconds) between the end of the test and the delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured.(This variable is called the latency to feedback.) The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following results.
-A campus researcher wanted to investigate the factors that affect visitor travel time in a complex,multilevel building on campus.Specifically,he wanted to determine whether different building signs (building maps versus wall signage) affect the total amount of time visitors require to reach their destination and whether that time depends on whether the starting location is inside or outside the building.Three subjects were assigned to each of the combinations of signs and starting locations,and travel time in seconds from beginning to destination was recorded.How should the data be analyzed?

A) completely randomized design
B) randomized block design
C) 2 × 2 factorial design
D) Levene's test