According to Peter Lewinsohn and his colleagues (1985),which of the following does NOT belong in the vicious circle of depression?

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Defensive pessimism is not part of the vicious circle of depression described by Lewinsohn and his colleagues. The vicious circle consists of negative experiences leading to depressed mood, which then leads to negative thoughts and self-blame, which in turn perpetuate the depressed mood. Defensive pessimism, on the other hand, is a strategy some people use to cope with anxiety-provoking situations by imagining the worst possible outcome and planning accordingly. While it may be maladaptive in some situations, it is not typically associated with depression.

According to Peter Lewinsohn and His Colleagues (1985),which of the Following