Question 1

The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own names illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect refers to the phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things that are more familiar to them. In this case, people preferring letters in their own names is an example of the mere-exposure effect.

Question 2

Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates who interact frequently:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates who interact frequently are most likely to become friends. Proximity and frequent interaction are important factors in building relationships and friendships, especially in the early stages of a relationship.

Question 3

On the basis of his research on the mere-exposure effect,Robert Zajonc (1980)argued that our emotions are often more ________ than our thinking.

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect suggests that our attitudes towards a stimulus become more positive simply with repeated exposure to it, even if we are not consciously aware of this exposure. This implies that our emotions can be influenced by unconscious processes that operate quickly and without much conscious thought. Therefore, choice B, "instantaneous," is the best answer.

Question 4

Research on proximity and social attraction generally supports the view that:

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that proximity is a key factor in attraction and liking. The more frequently people interact and are in close proximity to each other, the more likely they are to develop positive feelings and eventually become friends or romantic partners.

Question 5

Social ostracism evokes a brain response similar to that triggered by:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the experience of social ostracism activates the same areas of the brain as physical pain, suggesting that the two experiences share some common neural pathways.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of the human need to belong?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that humans tend to be healthier and happier when their need to belong is met. Strong social connections and relationships have been linked to improved mental health, physical health, and longevity. The other options are incorrect: B is false, and C and D are not supported by research.

Question 7

One factor that will increase the likelihood that a friendship between two people will develop is:

Accepted Answer

The more often two people's paths cross, the greater the opportunity for them to interact and get to know each other, which increases the likelihood of a friendship developing.

Question 8

After learning about a former co-worker who recently passed away due to cancer,you call a loved one.In the context of attraction and intimacy,this is an example of how reminders of death:

Accepted Answer

Reminders of death, such as hearing about the passing of a loved one or acquaintance, can increase our desire to feel connected with others and foster a sense of belonging. This is because the fear of mortality leads us to seek out relationships and connections that can provide comfort and support.

Question 9

Darley and Berscheid (1967)gave university women ambiguous information about two other women.Asked how much they liked these people,the participants reported feeling attracted to the person whom they:

Accepted Answer

The participants in this study reported feeling more attracted to the person they expected they would eventually meet. This suggests that the anticipation of meeting someone may increase feelings of attraction.

Question 10

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them is called the mere exposure effect.

Question 11

Anticipatory liking,expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible,increases the chance of:

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory liking refers to the expectation that someone will be pleasant and compatible, which increases the likelihood of forming a rewarding relationship. This is because one's positive expectations can influence their behavior and perceptions in a way that enhances the development of a positive relationship. However, anticipatory liking alone does not guarantee a successful relationship, as other factors such as communication, trust, and shared values also play important roles.

Question 12

If you are new in office and want to make friends,your best bet is to get a desk:

Accepted Answer

Placing your desk near the coffeepot is a great way to interact with your colleagues and potentially strike up conversations with them. People tend to congregate near the coffeepot and it gives you a chance to break the ice and get to know your coworkers.

Question 13

A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing,positive interactions is:

Accepted Answer

The need to belong refers to the basic human motivation to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships. This motivation is driven by a desire for social connections, interdependence, and the positive emotions that come with being accepted, valued, and validated by others. The need to belong is a powerful force that can shape a variety of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, from how we choose our friends and romantic partners, to how we express ourselves in social situations, to how we cope with rejection and social isolation.

Question 14

Samuel,a young college freshman,is new to the town where he will live for the next four years.He does not know anyone at college.According to the architecture of friendship,who among the following will Samuel most likely befriend?

Accepted Answer

According to the architecture of friendship, proximity is one of the most important factors in forming friendships. As Samuel's roommate, Gavin will be in close proximity to him, increasing the likelihood of them becoming friends. Meanwhile, Gabriel attends a different college and Anthony lives in a different dormitory, making it less likely that Samuel will become friends with them due to the distance. Mason staying two doors away is a possibility, but not as strong as the roommate since they may not interact as much.

Question 15

Functional distance refers to:

Accepted Answer

Functional distance refers to how often people's paths cross. It is the measure of the degree to which places in a building or public space are directly connected by paths that users would naturally follow. It is often used in architectural design to encourage or discourage certain types of social interaction among building occupants.

Question 16

Zoe,a young girl,lives in an apartment with her boyfriend,Luke.She does not like jazz music.However,Luke loves jazz and plays music loudly whenever he is home.Gradually,she develops an interest in jazz.Zoe liking jazz is most likely due to ________ in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect suggests that mere exposure to a stimulus can increase liking for it. In this scenario, Zoe is repeatedly exposed to jazz music due to Luke's love for it, ultimately leading to her developing an interest in it.

Question 17

A research among 5,000 participants from dozens of countries found that when ostracized during a Web-based game,players were _____ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.

Accepted Answer

The blank in the sentence indicates a negative consequence of being ostracized during a web-based game. The best choice is "more likely" to conform to others' wrong judgments, as this aligns with previous research on the negative effects of social exclusion on conformity. Option A (less likely) and C (not willing) both suggest a resistance to conform, which is contrary to the expected outcome. Option D (too hesitant) is too vague and not supported by the information provided.

Question 18

You are a regular contributor to an online chat room.One day,the other participants ignore every comment you make.Research on cyberostracism suggests you will likely:

Accepted Answer

Research on cyberostracism suggests that being ignored in online interactions can lead to stress, feelings of rejection, and depression. Therefore, it is likely that the individual will experience stress and be depressed. The other choices are not supported by the research and may even exacerbate the negative effects of cyberostracism.

Question 19

In an experiment by Zajonc and his colleagues,participants were exposed to brief novel passages of music while they focused their attention on other tasks.Results indicated that mere exposure led to liking:

Accepted Answer

The experiment found that participants showed increased liking for music even when they were unaware of what they had been exposed to, suggesting that mere exposure can lead to preferences without conscious awareness or attention.

Question 20

Even when people have no strong feelings about a product or a candidate,________ alone can increase sales or votes.

Accepted Answer

Repetition can create familiarity and a sense of trust, even if someone initially had no strong feelings about the product or candidate. Seeing or hearing the same message multiple times can make it more likely for someone to make a purchase or vote a certain way.

Quiz 11: Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others