In which of the following situations do judges' instructions to juries have the greatest impact?

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Judges' instructions have the greatest impact when they are delivered in plain language prior to the presentation of evidence because it helps jurors understand the legal framework and criteria for determining guilt or innocence. This reduces the likelihood of juror confusion or bias, and increases the likelihood of a fair and just verdict. Written copies of the instructions at the end of the trial may also help reinforce the judge's instructions, but they are not as effective as clear, early instructions. Verbal instructions after the evidence has been presented may also be less effective because jurors may have already formed their opinions and may have trouble incorporating new information. When the prosecution of the defendant conflicts with jurors' notions of justice, judges' instructions may have less impact because jurors may be influenced by their emotions or beliefs, rather than by the law.

In Which of the Following Situations Do Judges' Instructions to Juries